Edward Anthony Jenner

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1749-1823.
http://ihm.nlm.nih.gov/luna/servlet/view/search/what/Portraits/?q=Jenner,%20%201749
English physician, naturalist, horticulturalist and developer of smallpox vaccination, first given to an English boy in 1796 named James Phipps. The technique had been used in other cultures earlier, but Jenner independently introduced it to Western Europe and the Americas.
Note: This remark ignores the fact that variolation (i.e. immunization with human smallpox matter) had been practiced in India, the Middle East and Africa for centuries. Variola inoculation was introduced in Western Europe from Constantinople early in the 18th century, long before Jenner popularized cow-pox vaccine in England. see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/ for a review.
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