| Norman Hodgson Baker | stellar pulsations | | | | |
| Alan Hildreth Barrett | radio astronomy, and the spectroscopic study of the interstellar medium | | | 1956 | Charles Hard Townes (grad student) |
| Antara R. Basu-Zych | Astronomy and Astrophysics, General Physics | | | 2009 | David Schiminovich (grad student) |
| Leo Blitz | Astronomy and Astrophysics | Physics | | 1979 | Patrick Thaddeus (grad student) |
| Martin Moses Block | Phenomenology in elementary particle physics: ultra-high energy hadronic collisions, cosmic ray p-air collisions, ultra-high energy cosmic ray neutrino-isonucleon collisions, analytic solutions to perturbative QCD and mathematical physics. | | | 1952 | William Westerfield Havens (grad student) |
| Tzu-Ching Chang | Astronomy and Astrophysics | | | 2004 | David J. Helfand (grad student) |
| Maria Charisi | Supermassive black hole binaries, multi-messenger astrophysics, time-domain and gravitational-wave astrophysics, pulsar timing arrays, big data and machine learning | | | 2017 | Zoltan Haiman (grad student) |
| William Chinowsky | Astrophysics | | | 1955 | Jack H. Steinberger (grad student) |
| Lia R. Corrales | Astrophysics Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics | Astronomy | | 2015 | Frederik Paerels (grad student) |
| Arlin P S Crotts | Astronomy and Astrophysics | | | | |
| Daniel John D'Orazio | Gravitational Wave and Black Hole Astrophysics | Astronomy Physics | 2010 | 2016 | Zoltan Haiman (grad student), Janna J Levin (grad student) |
| Scott Dodelson | Cosmology | | | 1988 | Gerald Feinberg (grad student) |
| Wallace John Eckert | lunar and planetary orbits | | | | |
| Andrew Emerick | | Department of Astronomy | 2016 | 2020 | Mordecai-Mark Mac Low (grad student) |
| Isadore Epstein | stellar interiors, observatory site surveys | | | | |
| Akimi Fujita | Astronomy and Astrophysics | | | 2003 | Mordecai-Mark Mac Low (grad student) |
| Eilat Glikman | Astronomy and Astrophysics | | | 2006 | David J. Helfand (grad student) |
| Douglas Owen Gough | Astrophysical fluid dynamics, helioseismology, asteroseismology | Astronomy | | | Edward A. Spiegel (research scientist) |
| Jana Grcevich | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics Physics | Astronomy | | 2013 | Mary E. Putman (grad student) |
| Robert Alfred Gross | plasma physics | | | | |
| John Scoville Hall | photoelectric spectrophotometry | | | 1934 | Jan Schilt (post-doc) |
| Keith A Hawkins | Astronomy, Astrophysics | Astronomy | 2016 | 2018 | Kathryn V. Johnston (post-doc) |
| David J. Helfand | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics Physics | | | | |
| Sarah Jeannette Hill | | Astronomy | | 1942 | Jan Schilt (grad student) |
| Harold Jacoby | Astronomy | | | 1896 | John Krom Rees (grad student) |
| Kathryn V. Johnston | Astrophysics Physics | | | | |
| M. K. Joung | Astronomy and Astrophysics | | | 2006 | Mordecai-Mark Mac Low (grad student) |
| Rubab Khan | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics Physics | | | 2008 | Szabolcs Marka (research assistant) |
| Stephen S. Lawrence | Supernovae, Supernova Remnants, Light Echo Phenomena, Exoplanets, Astrobiology | Columbia Astrophysics Lab Astronomy Astronomy | 2012 | 2015 | Arlin P S Crotts (post-doc), Arlin P S Crotts (collaborator), Jennifer L. Sokoloski (collaborator) |
| Duane M. Lee | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Statistics, Nuclear Chemistry | Astronomy | | 2014 | Kathryn V. Johnston (grad student) |
| Jenna J. Lemonias | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics Physics | Astronomy | | 2014 | David Schiminovich (grad student) |
| Yuexing Li | Astronomy and Astrophysics | | | 2005 | Mordecai-Mark Mac Low (grad student) |
| Mordecai-Mark Mac Low | Astrophysics, Formation of Planets and Stars, Structure of the Interstellar Medium | | | | |
| Catherine Manea | | | | | |
| Steven T. Manson | Atomic Physics | | | 1966 | Henry M. Foley (grad student) |
| Ian D. McGreer | Astrophysics Physics | | | 2009 | David J. Helfand (grad student) |
| Colin P. McNally | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics Physics, Mathematics | Astronomy | | 2012 | Mordecai-Mark Mac Low (grad student) |
| Kristen Menou | Astrophysics Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics | | | | |
| Winifred Edgerton Merrill | | | | 1883 | John Krom Rees (grad student) |
| Albert Emanuel Metzger | Nuclear chemistry, space science | | | 1958 | Julian Malcolm Miller (grad student) |
| Lloyd Motz | | | | 1936 | Isidor Isaac Rabi (grad student) |
| Tony Mroczkowski | Astrophysics, Astronomy and Experimental Physics | | | 2009 | Amber Dawn Miller (grad student) |
| Frederick Paerels | Astronomy and Astrophysics | | | | |
| Frederik Paerels | Astrophysics Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics | | | | |
| Kyle P. Parfrey | | Astronomy | | 2012 | Andrei Beloborodov (grad student) |
| William Guy Peck | | | | | |
| Joshua E. Peek | Interstellar matter, radio astronomy, numerical analysis | Astronomy | | 2008 | Mary E. Putman (grad student) |
| Charles Lane Poor | celestial mechanics | | | | |
| Kevin H. Prendergast | | | | 1954 | Jan Schilt (grad student) |
| Mary E. Putman | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics Physics | | | | |
| Alak K. Ray | Astronomy, Supernovae, pulsars | Physics | 1973 | 1979 | Malvin A Ruderman (grad student) |
| John Krom Rees | Astronomy | | | | William Guy Peck (research assistant) |
| Pietro M. Reviglio | Astronomy and Astrophysics | | | 2008 | David J. Helfand (grad student) |
| Jerome L. Rosen | Experimental measurements of high-energy proton-antiproton collisions to examine the properties of quarks. | | | 1959 | L. James Rainwater (grad student) |
| Destry R. Saul | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics Physics | Astronomy | | 2014 | Mary E. Putman (grad student) |
| Jan Schilt | | | | | |
| David Schiminovich | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics Physics | | | 1998 | Christopher Martin (grad student) |
| Frank Schlesinger | astronomy | | | 1898 | John Krom Rees (grad student), Harold Jacoby (grad student) |
| Nicholas Z. (Nick) Scoville | | | | 1972 | Philip M. Solomon (grad student) |
| Neil Shafer-Ray | Molecular Physics, Optics Physics, Elementary Particles and High Energy Physics | | | 1990 | Richard Bersohn (grad student) |
| Jennifer L. Sokoloski | | | | | |
| Edward A. Spiegel | astrophysical fluid dynamics, photofluiddynamics | | | | |
| Robert Foster Stein | solar atmosphere | | | 1967 | Edward A. Spiegel (grad student), Alastair Graham Walter Cameron (grad student) |
| H. S. (Peter) Stockman | observational astronomy | | | 1973 | Robert Novick (grad student) |
| Andreas Svedin | | Astronomy Astronomy | 2010 | 2013 | Edward A. Spiegel (grad student), Milena C. Cuellar (grad student) |
| Ron E. Taam | Hydrodynamics of gas flows, close binary-star systems, structure and evolution of accretion disks, X-ray bursts from neutron stars. | | | 1973 | Kevin H. Prendergast (grad student) |
| Takamitsu Tanaka | Astrophysics Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics | Astronomy | | 2011 | Kristen Menou (grad student), Zoltan Haiman (grad student) |
| Oleg Tchernyshyov | Condensed Matter Physics, Theory Physics, Electricity and Magnetism Physics | | | 1998 | Tsung-Dao (政道) Lee (李) (grad student) |
| Maureen Teyssier | Astrophysics Physics | Astronomy | | 2013 | Kathryn V. Johnston (grad student) |
| Patrick Thaddeus | radio astronomy | | | 1961 | Charles Hard Townes (grad student) |
| Nithyanandan Thyagarajan | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics Physics | Astronomy | | 2011 | David J. Helfand (grad student) |
| Sarah E. Tuttle | Galaxy Evolution, Instrumental Astrophysics, Circumgalactic Medium, Replicated Instruments | Astronomy | | 2010 | David Schiminovich (grad student) |
| Jacqueline Henriëtte van Gorkom | gas and galaxy evolution | | | | |
| Joo H. Yoon | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics Physics | Astronomy | | 2014 | Mary E. Putman (grad student) |
| Anne Sewell Young | astronomy | | | 1906 | Harold Jacoby (grad student) |
| Michel A. Zamojski | Astronomy and Astrophysics | | | 2008 | David Schiminovich (grad student) |