Carla M. Pugh, Ph.D. - Publications

Affiliations: 
2001 Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 
Area:
Education

84 high-probability publications. We are testing a new system for linking publications to authors. You can help! If you notice any inaccuracies, please sign in and mark papers as correct or incorrect matches. If you identify any major omissions or other inaccuracies in the publication list, please let us know.

Year Citation  Score
2020 Mohamadipanah H, Perrone KH, Peterson K, Nathwani J, Huang F, Garren A, Garren M, Witt A, Pugh C. Sensors and Psychomotor Metrics: A Unique Opportunity to Close the Gap on Surgical Processes and Outcomes. Acs Biomaterials Science & Engineering. 6: 2630-2640. PMID 33463275 DOI: 10.1021/Acsbiomaterials.9B01019  0.383
2020 Pugh CM, Hashimoto DA, Korndorffer JR. The what? How? And who? Of video based assessment. American Journal of Surgery. PMID 32665080 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2020.06.027  0.33
2020 Butler PD, Pugh CM, Meer E, Lett LA, Tilahun ED, Sanfey HA, Berry C, Stain SC, DeMatteo RP, Vickers SM, Britt LD, Martin CA. Benchmarking Accomplishments of Leaders in American Surgery and Justification for Enhancing Diversity and Inclusion. Annals of Surgery. PMID 32649466 DOI: 10.1097/Sla.0000000000004151  0.319
2020 Hughes BD, Butler PD, Edwards MA, Pugh CM, Martin CA. The Society of Black Academic Surgeons CV benchmarking initiative: Early career trends of academic surgical leaders. American Journal of Surgery. PMID 32147021 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2020.01.047  0.335
2020 D'Angelo AD, Ruis AR, Collier W, Shaffer DW, Pugh CM. Evaluating how residents talk and what it means for surgical performance in the simulation lab. American Journal of Surgery. PMID 32093868 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2020.02.016  0.41
2019 Pugh CM, Law KE, Cohen ER, D'Angelo AD, Greenberg JA, Greenberg CC, Wiegmann DA. Use of error management theory to quantify and characterize residents' error recovery strategies. American Journal of Surgery. PMID 31806167 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2019.11.013  0.346
2019 Mohamadipanah H, Perrone K, Peterson K, Garren M, Parthiban C, Sunkara A, Zinn M, Pugh C. Can VR Be Used to Track Skills Decay During the Research Years? The Journal of Surgical Research. PMID 31776024 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2019.10.030  0.328
2019 Perrone KH, Yang S, Wise B, Witt A, Goll C, Dawn S, Eichhorn W, Mohamadipanah H, Pugh C. Use of sensors to quantify procedural idle time: Validity evidence for a new mastery metric. Surgery. PMID 31708084 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2019.09.016  0.313
2019 Mohamadipanah H, Perrone KH, Nathwani J, Parthiban C, Peterson K, Wise B, Garren A, Pugh C. Screening surgical residents' laparoscopic skills using virtual reality tasks: Who needs more time in the sim lab? Surgery. PMID 31229312 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2019.04.013  0.342
2019 Bauchwitz BR, Curley T, Kwan C, Niehaus JM, Pugh CM, Weyhrauch PW. Modeling Framework Used to Analyze and Describe Junctional Tourniquet Skills. Military Medicine. 184: 347-360. PMID 30901425 DOI: 10.1093/Milmed/Usy348  0.396
2019 Azari D, Greenberg C, Pugh C, Wiegmann D, Radwin R. In Search of Characterizing Surgical Skill. Journal of Surgical Education. 76: 1348-1363. PMID 30890315 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jsurg.2019.02.010  0.339
2019 Godfrey M, Rosser AA, Pugh CM, Shaffer DW, Sachdeva AK, Jung SA. Teaching practicing surgeons what not to do: An analysis of instruction fluidity during a simulation-based continuing medical education course. Surgery. PMID 30876670 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2019.01.016  0.341
2019 Collins JW, Levy J, Stefanidis D, Gallagher A, Coleman M, Cecil T, Ericsson A, Mottrie A, Wiklund P, Ahmed K, Pratschke J, Casali G, Ghazi A, Gomez M, Hung A, ... ... Pugh C, et al. Utilising the Delphi Process to Develop a Proficiency-based Progression Train-the-trainer Course for Robotic Surgery Training. European Urology. PMID 30665812 DOI: 10.1016/J.Eururo.2018.12.044  0.311
2019 Huang FC, Mohamadipanah H, Mussa-Ivaldi F, Pugh C. Combining metrics from clinical simulators and sensorimotor tasks can reveal the training background of surgeons. Ieee Transactions On Bio-Medical Engineering. PMID 30629489 DOI: 10.1109/Tbme.2019.2892342  0.41
2019 Godfrey M, Rosser AA, Pugh CM, Sachdeva AK, Sullivan S. What do you want to know? Operative experience predicts the type of questions practicing surgeons ask during a CME laparoscopic hernia repair course. American Journal of Surgery. 217: 382-386. PMID 30527925 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2018.11.027  0.371
2018 Steiman J, Sullivan SA, Scarborough J, Wilke L, Pugh C, Bell RH, Kent KC. Measuring Competence in Surgical Training through Assessment of Surgical Entrustable Professional Activities. Journal of Surgical Education. PMID 30097351 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jsurg.2018.05.004  0.377
2018 Mohamadipanah H, Nathwani J, Peterson K, Forsyth K, Maulson L, DiMarco S, Pugh C. Shortcut assessment: Can residents' operative performance be determined in the first five minutes of an operative task? Surgery. PMID 29728259 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2018.02.012  0.368
2018 King C, Mohamadipanah H, Giles D, Pugh C. Application of Sensor Technology in the Objective Assessment of Vaginal Cuff Closure Utilizing a Validated Simulation Model Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. 25: S53. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jmig.2018.09.087  0.307
2017 Ruis AR, Rosser AA, Quandt-Walle C, Nathwani JN, Shaffer DW, Pugh CM. The hands and head of a surgeon: Modeling operative competency with multimodal epistemic network analysis. American Journal of Surgery. PMID 29224911 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2017.11.027  0.335
2017 Walker JL, Nathwani JN, Mohamadipanah H, Laufer S, Jocewicz FF, Gwillim E, Pugh CM. Residents' response to bleeding during a simulated robotic surgery task. The Journal of Surgical Research. 220: 385-390. PMID 29180207 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2017.07.023  0.347
2017 D'Angelo AD, D'Angelo JD, Rogers DA, Pugh CM. Faculty perceptions of resident skills decay during dedicated research fellowships. American Journal of Surgery. PMID 29169821 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2017.11.018  0.347
2017 Nathwani JN, Wise BJ, Garren ME, Mohamadipanah H, Van Beek N, DiMarco SM, Pugh CM. Residents' surgical performance during the laboratory years: an analysis of rule-based errors. The Journal of Surgical Research. 219: 226-231. PMID 29078886 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2017.05.129  0.419
2017 Azari DP, Frasier LL, Quamme SRP, Greenberg CC, Pugh CM, Greenberg JA, Radwin RG. Modeling Surgical Technical Skill Using Expert Assessment for Automated Computer Rating. Annals of Surgery. PMID 28885509 DOI: 10.1097/Sla.0000000000002478  0.337
2017 Greenberg JA, Jolles S, Sullivan S, Quamme SP, Funk LM, Lidor AO, Greenberg C, Pugh CM. A structured, extended training program to facilitate adoption of new techniques for practicing surgeons. Surgical Endoscopy. PMID 28643054 DOI: 10.1007/S00464-017-5662-2  0.323
2017 Sullivan S, Ruis A, Pugh C. Procedural Simulations and Reflective Practice: Meeting the Need. Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A. PMID 28157421 DOI: 10.1089/Lap.2016.0639  0.402
2017 Nathwani JN, Law KE, Witt AK, Ray RD, DiMarco SM, Pugh CM. A simulation-based, cognitive assessment of resident decision making during complex urinary catheterization scenarios. American Journal of Surgery. PMID 28089342 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2017.01.007  0.32
2016 Jones GF, Forsyth K, Jenewein CG, Ray RD, DiMarco S, Pugh CM. Research residents' perceptions of skill decay: Effects of repeated skills assessments and scenario difficulty. American Journal of Surgery. PMID 28038715 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2016.12.003  0.394
2016 Law Forsyth K, DiMarco SM, Jenewein CG, Ray RD, D'Angelo AD, Cohen ER, Wiegmann DA, Pugh CM. Do errors and critical events relate to hernia repair outcomes? American Journal of Surgery. PMID 27998548 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2016.11.020  0.305
2016 O'Connell-Long BR, Ray RD, Nathwani JN, Fiers RM, Pugh CM. Errors in bladder catheterization: are residents ready for complex scenarios? The Journal of Surgical Research. 206: 27-31. PMID 27916371 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2016.06.005  0.315
2016 Gannon SJ, Law KE, Ray RD, Nathwani JN, DiMarco SM, D'Angelo AD, Pugh CM. Do resident's leadership skills relate to ratings of technical skill? The Journal of Surgical Research. 206: 466-471. PMID 27884344 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2016.08.050  0.363
2016 Law KE, Jenewein CG, Gannon SJ, DiMarco SM, Maulson LJ, Laufer S, Pugh CM. Exploring hand coordination as a measure of surgical skill. The Journal of Surgical Research. 205: 192-7. PMID 27621018 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2016.06.038  0.361
2016 Nathwani JN, Law KE, Ray RD, O'Connell Long BR, Fiers RM, D'Angelo AL, DiMarco SM, Pugh CM. Resident performance in complex simulated urinary catheter scenarios. The Journal of Surgical Research. 205: 121-6. PMID 27621008 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2016.06.021  0.326
2016 Law KE, Ray RD, D'Angelo AD, Cohen ER, DiMarco SM, Linsmeier E, Wiegmann DA, Pugh CM. Exploring Senior Residents' Intraoperative Error Management Strategies: A Potential Measure of Performance Improvement. Journal of Surgical Education. PMID 27372272 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jsurg.2016.05.016  0.327
2016 Frasier LL, Azari DP, Ma Y, Pavuluri Quamme SR, Radwin RG, Pugh CM, Yen TY, Chen CH, Greenberg CC. A marker-less technique for measuring kinematics in the operating room. Surgery. PMID 27342198 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2016.05.004  0.358
2016 Sullivan SA, Bingman E, O'Rourke A, Pugh CM. Piloting Virtual Surgical Patient Cases with 3rd-year medical students during the surgery rotation. American Journal of Surgery. PMID 26879419 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2015.11.021  0.344
2015 D'Angelo AD, Rutherford DN, Ray RD, Laufer S, Mason A, Pugh CM. Working volume: validity evidence for a motion-based metric of surgical efficiency. American Journal of Surgery. PMID 26701699 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2015.10.005  0.322
2015 Sullivan SA, Anderson BM, Pugh CM. Development of Technical Skills: Education, Simulation, and Maintenance of Certification. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. PMID 26501974 DOI: 10.1097/Scs.0000000000002213  0.359
2015 Pugh CM, Arafat FO, Kwan C, Cohen ER, Kurashima Y, Vassiliou MC, Fried GM. Development and evaluation of a simulation-based continuing medical education course: beyond lectures and credit hours. American Journal of Surgery. 210: 603-9. PMID 26384792 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2015.05.034  0.43
2015 Rutherford DN, D'Angelo AL, Law KE, Pugh CM. Advanced Engineering Technology for Measuring Performance. The Surgical Clinics of North America. 95: 813-26. PMID 26210973 DOI: 10.1016/J.Suc.2015.04.005  0.348
2015 Zahiri HR, Park AE, Pugh CM, Vassiliou M, Voeller G. "See one, do one, teach one": inadequacies of current methods to train surgeons in hernia repair. Surgical Endoscopy. 29: 2867-72. PMID 26198155 DOI: 10.1007/S00464-015-4411-7  0.357
2015 D'Angelo AD, Ray RD, Jenewein CG, Jones GF, Pugh CM. Residents' perception of skill decay during dedicated research time. The Journal of Surgical Research. PMID 26197949 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2015.06.040  0.316
2015 Park AE, Zahiri HR, Pugh CM, Vassiliou M, Voeller G. Raising the quality of hernia care: Is there a need? Surgical Endoscopy. 29: 2061-71. PMID 26123329 DOI: 10.1007/S00464-015-4309-4  0.315
2015 D'Angelo AL, Law KE, Cohen ER, Greenberg JA, Kwan C, Greenberg C, Wiegmann DA, Pugh CM. The use of error analysis to assess resident performance. Surgery. PMID 26003910 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2015.04.010  0.362
2015 D'Angelo AL, Rutherford DN, Ray RD, Laufer S, Kwan C, Cohen ER, Mason A, Pugh CM. Idle time: an underdeveloped performance metric for assessing surgical skill. American Journal of Surgery. 209: 645-51. PMID 25725505 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2014.12.013  0.387
2015 Laufer S, Cohen ER, Kwan C, D'Angelo AL, Yudkowsky R, Boulet JR, McGaghie WC, Pugh CM. Sensor technology in assessments of clinical skill. The New England Journal of Medicine. 372: 784-6. PMID 25693026 DOI: 10.1056/Nejmc1414210  0.352
2015 D'Angelo AL, Cohen ER, Kwan C, Laufer S, Greenberg C, Greenberg J, Wiegmann D, Pugh CM. Use of decision-based simulations to assess resident readiness for operative independence. American Journal of Surgery. 209: 132-9. PMID 25454962 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2014.10.002  0.382
2014 Glarner CE, Hu YY, Chen CH, Radwin RG, Zhao Q, Craven MW, Wiegmann DA, Pugh CM, Carty MJ, Greenberg CC. Quantifying technical skills during open operations using video-based motion analysis. Surgery. 156: 729-34. PMID 24962187 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2014.04.054  0.37
2014 Pugh CM, Cohen ER, Kwan C, Cannon-Bowers JA. A comparative assessment and gap analysis of commonly used team rating scales. The Journal of Surgical Research. 190: 445-50. PMID 24880200 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2014.04.034  0.354
2014 Pugh CM, Cohen ER, Kwan C, Cannon-Bowers JA. Investigating the Importance of Taskwork in Team-Based Assessments Journal of Surgical Research. 186: 677. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2013.11.860  0.312
2014 Pugh CM, Cohen ER, Law KE, Maag A, Greenberg JA, Yen T, Greenberg CC, Wiegmann D. Resident readiness for independence: an analysis of intra-operative error management in a simulated setting Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 219: e39. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jamcollsurg.2014.07.489  0.301
2013 Glarner CE, McDonald RJ, Smith AB, Leverson GE, Peyre S, Pugh CM, Greenberg CC, Greenberg JA, Foley EF. Utilizing a novel tool for the comprehensive assessment of resident operative performance. Journal of Surgical Education. 70: 813-20. PMID 24209661 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jsurg.2013.07.009  0.407
2013 Pugh CM. Application of national testing standards to simulation-based assessments of clinical palpation skills. Military Medicine. 178: 55-63. PMID 24084306 DOI: 10.7205/Milmed-D-13-00215  0.367
2013 Pugh CM, DaRosa DA. Use of cognitive task analysis to guide the development of performance-based assessments for intraoperative decision making. Military Medicine. 178: 22-7. PMID 24084302 DOI: 10.7205/Milmed-D-13-00207  0.368
2013 Pugh CM, Britt LD. In-training assessments used in the United States surgical residency programmes. Anz Journal of Surgery. 83: 460-5. PMID 23735133 DOI: 10.1111/Ans.12217  0.378
2013 Glarner C, McDonald R, Peyre S, Smith A, Greenberg J, Leverson G, Pugh C, Greenberg C, Foley E. Comprehensive Assessment of Resident Performance in the Operating Room Journal of Surgical Research. 179: 188. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2012.10.125  0.328
2012 Huang FC, Mussa-Ivaldi FA, Pugh CM, Patton JL. Learning Kinematic Constraints in Laparoscopic Surgery. Ieee Transactions On Haptics. 5: 356-364. PMID 23293709 DOI: 10.1109/Toh.2011.52  0.342
2012 Rooney DM, Hungness ES, Darosa DA, Pugh CM. Can skills coaches be used to assess resident performance in the skills laboratory? Surgery. 151: 796-802. PMID 22652120 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2012.03.016  0.339
2012 Issa N, Salud L, Kwan C, Woods K, Pugh C. Validity and reliability of a sensor-enabled intubation trainer: a focus on patient-centered data. The Journal of Surgical Research. 177: 27-32. PMID 22537839 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2012.03.047  0.338
2012 Andrew B, Plachta S, Salud L, Pugh CM. Development and evaluation of a decision-based simulation for assessment of team skills. Surgery. 152: 152-7. PMID 22503511 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2012.02.018  0.403
2012 Pugh CM, Iannitelli KB, Rooney D, Salud L. Use of mannequin-based simulation to decrease student anxiety prior to interacting with male teaching associates. Teaching and Learning in Medicine. 24: 122-7. PMID 22490092 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2012.664534  0.305
2012 Clark RE, Pugh CM, Yates KA, Inaba K, Green DJ, Sullivan ME. The use of cognitive task analysis to improve instructional descriptions of procedures. The Journal of Surgical Research. 173: e37-42. PMID 22099596 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2011.09.003  0.336
2012 Darosa DA, Pugh CM. Error training: missing link in surgical education. Surgery. 151: 139-45. PMID 22088811 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2011.08.008  0.31
2011 Scott DJ, Pugh CM, Ritter EM, Jacobs LM, Pellegrini CA, Sachdeva AK. New directions in simulation-based surgical education and training: validation and transfer of surgical skills, use of nonsurgeons as faculty, use of simulation to screen and select surgery residents, and long-term follow-up of learners. Surgery. 149: 735-44. PMID 21295810 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2010.11.010  0.392
2011 Rooney D, Pugh CM, Darosa DA. Northwestern Center for Advanced Surgical Education (N-CASE). Journal of Surgical Education. 68: 73-6. PMID 21292220 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jsurg.2010.05.025  0.351
2011 Pugh CM, Darosa DA, Santacaterina S, Clark RE. Faculty evaluation of simulation-based modules for assessment of intraoperative decision making Surgery. 149: 534-542. PMID 21216420 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2010.10.010  0.413
2011 Pugh CM, Santacaterina S, DaRosa DA, Clark RE. Intra-operative decision making: more than meets the eye. Journal of Biomedical Informatics. 44: 486-96. PMID 20096376 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jbi.2010.01.001  0.321
2011 Pugh CM. Use Of Decision-Based Simulations To Assess Team Skills Journal of Surgical Research. 165: 205. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2010.11.592  0.354
2010 Pugh C, Plachta S, Auyang E, Pryor A, Hungness E. Outcome measures for surgical simulators: is the focus on technical skills the best approach? Surgery. 147: 646-54. PMID 20403517 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2010.01.011  0.392
2010 Pugh CM, Darosa DA, Bell RH. Residents' self-reported learning needs for intraoperative knowledge: are we missing the bar? American Journal of Surgery. 199: 562-5. PMID 20359575 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2009.11.003  0.333
2010 Rooney D, Pugh C, Auyang E, Hungness E, DaRosa D. Administrative considerations when implementing ACS/APDS Skills Curriculum. Surgery. 147: 614-621. PMID 20045165 DOI: 10.1016/J.Surg.2009.10.067  0.332
2010 Pugh CM, DaRosa DA, Santacaterina S, Clark RE. Faculty Evaluation of Simulation-Based Instructional Modules for Teaching and Assessing Intra-Operative Judgment Journal of Surgical Research. 158: 180-181. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2009.11.042  0.358
2009 Pugh CM, Watson A, Bell RH, Brasel KJ, Jackson GP, Weber SM, Kao LS. Surgical education in the internet era. The Journal of Surgical Research. 156: 177-82. PMID 19555973 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2009.03.021  0.362
2009 Pugh CM, Obadina ET, Aidoo KA. Fear of causing harm: use of mannequin-based simulation to decrease student anxiety prior to interacting with female teaching associates. Teaching and Learning in Medicine. 21: 116-20. PMID 19330689 DOI: 10.1080/10401330902791099  0.313
2009 Balkissoon R, Blossfield K, Salud L, Ford D, Pugh C. Lost in translation: unfolding medical students' misconceptions of how to perform a clinical digital rectal examination. American Journal of Surgery. 197: 525-532. PMID 19324111 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2008.11.025  0.353
2009 Kotranza A, Lok B, Deladisma A, Pugh CM, Lind DS. Mixed reality humans: evaluating behavior, usability, and acceptability. Ieee Transactions On Visualization and Computer Graphics. 15: 369-82. PMID 19282545 DOI: 10.1109/Tvcg.2008.195  0.313
2009 Deladisma A, Kotranza A, Shah H, Fox P, Rossen B, Imam T, Wang S, Gucwa A, Pugh C, Lok B, Lind D. The use of a mixed reality breast simulator with an innovative touch map feedback system to teach breast history-taking and examination skills. Cancer Research. 69: 2105. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.Sabcs-2105  0.306
2008 Pugh CM, Domont ZB, Salud LH, Blossfield KM. A simulation-based assessment of clinical breast examination technique: do patient and clinician factors affect clinician approach? American Journal of Surgery. 195: 874-80. PMID 18514639 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2007.10.018  0.312
2008 Scott DJ, Cendan JC, Pugh CM, Minter RM, Dunnington GL, Kozar RA. The changing face of surgical education: simulation as the new paradigm. The Journal of Surgical Research. 147: 189-93. PMID 18498868 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jss.2008.02.014  0.388
2008 Pugh CM. Simulation and High-stakes Testing Clinical Simulation. 655-666. DOI: 10.1016/B978-012372531-8.50112-6  0.307
2008 McGahie WC, Pugh CM, Wayne DB. Fundamentals of Educational Research Using Clinical Simulation Clinical Simulation. 517-526. DOI: 10.1016/B978-012372531-8.50090-X  0.318
2007 Mackel TR, Rosen J, Pugh CM. Markov model assessment of subjects' clinical skill using the E-Pelvis physical simulator. Ieee Transactions On Bio-Medical Engineering. 54: 2133-41. PMID 18075029 DOI: 10.1109/Tbme.2007.908338  0.35
2007 Pugh CM, DaRosa DA, Glenn D, Bell RH. A comparison of faculty and resident perception of resident learning needs in the operating room. Journal of Surgical Education. 64: 250-5. PMID 17961880 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jsurg.2007.07.007  0.37
2007 Pugh CM, Salud LH. Fear of missing a lesion: use of simulated breast models to decrease student anxiety when learning clinical breast examinations. American Journal of Surgery. 193: 766-70. PMID 17512293 DOI: 10.1016/J.Amjsurg.2006.12.033  0.302
2002 Pugh CM, Youngblood P. Development and validation of assessment measures for a newly developed physical examination simulator. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : Jamia. 9: 448-60. PMID 12223497 DOI: 10.1197/Jamia.M1107  0.378
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