☰

William N. Shafarman - Publications

Affiliations: 
Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States 
Area:
Materials Science Engineering
Tree Info Similar researchers PubMed Report error

147 high-probability publications. We are testing a new system for linking publications to authors. You can help! If you notice any inaccuracies, please sign in and mark papers as correct or incorrect matches. If you identify any major omissions or other inaccuracies in the publication list, please let us know.

Year Citation  Score
2021 Nietzold T, Valdes N, Stuckelberger ME, Chiu M, Walker T, Jeffries AM, Sinha A, Schelhas LT, Lai B, Shafarman WN, Bertoni MI. Role of Cation Ordering on Device Performance in (Ag,Cu)InSe2 Solar Cells with KF Post-Deposition Treatment Acs Applied Energy Materials. 4: 233-241. DOI: 10.1021/ACSAEM.0C02197  0.398
2020 Harding AJ, Kuba AG, McCandless BE, Das UK, Dobson KD, Ogunnaike BA, Shafarman WN. The growth of methylammonium lead iodide perovskites by close space vapor transport. Rsc Advances. 10: 16125-16131. PMID 35493662 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01640c  0.395
2020 Lam IK, Hanket GM, Shafarman WN. Precursor Reaction Method With High Ga Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)$_{2}$ to Achieve Increased Open-Circuit Voltage Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 10: 1185-1190. DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2020.2984017  0.342
2019 Valdes NH, Jones KJ, Opila RL, Shafarman WN. Influence of Ga and Ag on the KF Treatment Chemistry for CIGS Solar Cells Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 9: 1846-1851. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2019.2930210  0.54
2019 Valdes NH, Lee J, Shafarman WN. Ag Alloying and KF Treatment Effects on Low Bandgap CuInSe 2 Solar Cells Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 9: 906-911. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2019.2899962  0.417
2019 Soltanmohammad S, Tong HM, Anderson TJ, Shafarman WN. Reaction Rate Enhancement for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Absorber Materials Using Ag-Alloying Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 9: 898-905. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2019.2897582  0.573
2019 Bailey J, Poplavskyy D, Zapalac G, Mansfield L, Shafarman W. Voltage-Induced Charge Redistribution in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 Devices Studied With High-Speed Capacitance–Voltage Profiling Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 9: 319-324. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2018.2882204  0.482
2019 Valdes N, Lee J, Shafarman W. Comparison of Ag and Ga alloying in low bandgap CuInSe2-based solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 195: 155-159. DOI: 10.1016/J.Solmat.2019.02.022  0.474
2018 Soltanmohammad S, Shafarman WN. Reaction pathway analysis of (AgxCu1−x)(In0.75Ga0.25)Se2 with x = 0.75 and 1.0 Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 182: 142-157. DOI: 10.1016/J.Solmat.2017.12.023  0.507
2017 Edoff M, Jarmar T, Nilsson NS, Wallin E, Hogstrom D, Stolt O, Lundberg O, Shafarman W, Stolt L. High V oc in (Cu,Ag)(In,Ga)Se 2 Solar Cells Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 7: 1789-1794. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2017.2756058  0.517
2017 Mansfield LM, Garris RL, Counts KD, Sites JR, Thompson CP, Shafarman WN, Ramanathan K. Comparison of CIGS Solar Cells Made With Different Structures and Fabrication Techniques Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 7: 286-293. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2016.2616188  0.453
2017 Soltanmohammad S, Chen L, McCandless B, Shafarman WN. Ag–Cu–In–Ga Metal Precursor Thin Films for (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 7: 273-280. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2016.2615682  0.583
2017 Soltanmohammad S, Chen L, McCandless BE, Shafarman WN. Phase stability in Ag-Cu-In-Ga metal precursors for (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 thin films Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 172: 347-352. DOI: 10.1016/J.Solmat.2017.08.009  0.612
2017 Chen L, Soltanmohammad S, Lee J, McCandless BE, Shafarman WN. Secondary phase formation in (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se 2 thin films grown by three-stage co-evaporation Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 166: 18-26. DOI: 10.1016/J.Solmat.2017.03.001  0.584
2017 West BM, Stuckelberger M, Guthrey H, Chen L, Lai B, Maser J, Rose V, Shafarman W, Al-Jassim M, Bertoni MI. Grain engineering: How nanoscale inhomogeneities can control charge collection in solar cells Nano Energy. 32: 488-493. DOI: 10.1016/J.Nanoen.2016.12.011  0.38
2017 Soltanmohammad S, McCandless B, Shafarman WN. A quaternary Laves-type phase in Ag-Cu-In-Ga thin films Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 710: 819-824. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jallcom.2017.03.228  0.583
2016 Lovelett RJ, Pang X, Roberts TM, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW, Ogunnaike BA. A stochastic model of solid state thin film deposition: Application to chalcopyrite growth Aip Advances. 6. DOI: 10.1063/1.4948404  0.502
2016 Xin P, Larsen JK, Deng F, Shafarman WN. Development of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 superstrate devices with alternative buffer layers Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 157: 85-92. DOI: 10.1016/J.Solmat.2016.05.018  0.544
2016 Kim K, Shafarman WN. Alternative device structures for CIGS-based solar cells with semi-transparent absorbers Nano Energy. 30: 488-493. DOI: 10.1016/J.Nanoen.2016.10.038  0.515
2016 Lovelett RJ, Hanket GM, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW, Ogunnaike BA. Design and experimental implementation of an effective control system for thin film Cu(InGa)Se2 production via rapid thermal processing Journal of Process Control. 46: 24-33. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jprocont.2016.07.005  0.476
2016 Koo J, Kwon S, Roh YS, Lee SJ, Jung KY, Shafarman WN, Park JH, Kim DH, Myoung JM, Kim WK. Effect of reaction temperature and time during two-step selenization and sulfurization of Se-Coated CuGa/In precursors Electronic Materials Letters. 12: 484-493. DOI: 10.1007/S13391-016-4011-2  0.497
2015 Lovelett RJ, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW, Ogunnaike BA. A stochastic model for Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 absorber growth during selenization/sulfization 2015 Ieee 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Pvsc 2015. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2015.7356226  0.487
2015 Obahiagbon U, Thompson CP, Shafarman WN, Hegedus SS. The role of the intrinsic zinc oxide layers on the performance of wide-bandgap (AgCu)(InGa)Se2 thin-film solar cells 2015 Ieee 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Pvsc 2015. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2015.7355893  0.409
2015 Thompson CP, Lee D, Shafarman WN. Characterization and numerical modeling of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells 2015 Ieee 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Pvsc 2015. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2015.7355775  0.409
2015 Thompson CP, Chen L, Shafarman WN, Lee J, Fields S, Birkmire RW. Bandgap gradients in (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells deposited by three-stage co-evaporation 2015 Ieee 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Pvsc 2015. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2015.7355692  0.454
2015 Kim K, Xin P, Yun J, Shafarman WN. VOC enhancement of sub-micron CIGS solar cells by sulfization of the Mo surface 2015 Ieee 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Pvsc 2015. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2015.7355621  0.51
2015 Kim K, Eser E, Shafarman WN. Na Incorporation in Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)<inf>2</inf> Films Grown on Insulator-Coated Stainless Steel Foil Using a Metal Precursor Reaction Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 5: 1222-1228. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2015.2435366  0.547
2015 Simchi H, Larsen JK, Shafarman WN. Transparent back contacts for superstrate (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se 2 thin film solar cells Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 5: 406-409. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2014.2365469  0.812
2015 Kim K, Park H, Hanket GM, Kim WK, Shafarman WN. Composition and bandgap control in Cu(In,Ga)Se<inf>2</inf>-based absorbers formed by reaction of metal precursors Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 23: 765-772. DOI: 10.1002/Pip.2494  0.487
2015 Lovelett RJ, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW, Ogunnaike BA. Production of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 absorber layers via rapid thermal processing of selenium-capped metal precursors for thin film solar cells Nanomaterials For Energy Applications 2015 - Topical Conference At the 2015 Aiche Annual Meeting. 7-26.  0.43
2015 Lovelett RJ, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW, Ogunnaike BA. Production of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 absorber layers via rapid thermal processing of selenium-capped metal precursors for thin film solar cells Nanomaterials For Energy Applications 2015 - Topical Conference At the 2015 Aiche Annual Meeting. 7-26.  0.43
2014 Soltanmohammad S, Berg DM, Chen L, Kim K, Simchi H, Shafarman WN. Effect of sputtering sequence on the properties of Ag-Cu-In-Ga metal precursors and reacted (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 films 2014 Ieee 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Pvsc 2014. 1707-1711. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2014.6925250  0.442
2014 Xin P, Thompson CP, Larsen JK, Shafarman WN. Sputtered zinc selenide buffer layers for Cu(InGa)Se2 substrate and superstrate solar cells 2014 Ieee 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Pvsc 2014. 443-447. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2014.6924954  0.474
2014 Chen L, Lee J, McCandless BE, Soltanmohammad SS, Shafarman WN. Characterization of group I-rich growth during (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 three-stage co-evaporation 2014 Ieee 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Pvsc 2014. 332-336. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2014.6924925  0.345
2014 Berg DM, Cheng F, Shafarman WN. H2S reaction of Se-capped metallic precursors to form Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 absorber layers 2014 Ieee 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Pvsc 2014. 323-327. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2014.6924923  0.393
2014 Simchi H, Larsen JK, Kim K, Shafarman WN. Improved Performance of Ultrathin Cu(InGa)Se $_{\bf 2}$ Solar Cells With a Backwall Superstrate Configuration Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 4: 1630-1635. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2014.2345436  0.796
2014 Mutitu JG, Obahiagbon U, Shi S, Shafarman W, Prather DW. Light Trapping in Thin-Film Cu(InGa)Se$_{2}$ Solar Cells Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 4: 948-953. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2014.2307487  0.495
2014 Chen L, Lee J, Shafarman WN. The Comparison of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films deposited by three-stage coevaporation Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 4: 447-451. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2013.2280471  0.578
2014 Boyle JH, McCandless BE, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW. Structural and optical properties of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 polycrystalline thin film alloys Journal of Applied Physics. 115. DOI: 10.1063/1.4880243  0.583
2014 Larsen JK, Simchi H, Xin P, Kim K, Shafarman WN. Backwall superstrate configuration for ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells Applied Physics Letters. 104. DOI: 10.1063/1.4862651  0.783
2014 Simchi H, McCandless BE, Meng T, Shafarman WN. Structure and interface chemistry of MoO3 back contacts in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells Journal of Applied Physics. 115. DOI: 10.1063/1.4862404  0.821
2014 Yassitepe E, Shafarman WN, Shah SI. Microstructure and phase evolution in single phase CuInSe2 particles synthesized using elemental precursors Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 213: 198-203. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jssc.2014.02.023  0.365
2014 Simchi H, McCandless BE, Meng T, Shafarman WN. Structural, optical, and surface properties of WO3 thin films for solar cells Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 617: 609-615. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jallcom.2014.08.047  0.787
2013 Kim K, Han J, Shafarman WN. Incorporation of Sb, Bi, and Te interlayers at the Mo/Cu-In-Ga interface for the reaction of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 1538: 15-20. DOI: 10.1557/Opl.2013.999  0.606
2013 Berg DM, Thompson CP, Shafarman WN. The effect of a high temperature reaction of Cu-In-Ga metallic precursors on the formation of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 1538: 3-8. DOI: 10.1557/Opl.2013.997  0.508
2013 Simchi H, McCandless BE, Meng T, Boyle JH, Shafarman WN. MoO3 back contact for CuInSe2-based thin film solar cells Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 1538: 173-178. DOI: 10.1557/Opl.2013.1018  0.824
2013 Larsen JK, Xin P, Shafarman WN. Formation of Ga2O3 barrier layer in Cu(InGa)Se 2 superstrate devices with ZnO buffer layer Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 1538: 67-72. DOI: 10.1557/Opl.2013.1007  0.552
2013 Lee J, Chen L, Obahiagbon U, Thompson C, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW. In-situ resistance measurement during the growth of Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 films by multi-source evaporation Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 398-401. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744176  0.344
2013 Kim K, Park H, Kim WK, Hanket GM, Shafarman WN. Effect of reduced Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 thickness using three-step H2Se/Ar/H2S reaction of Cu-In-Ga metal precursor Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 3: 446-450. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2012.2219501  0.536
2013 Simchi H, McCandless BE, Meng T, Boyle JH, Shafarman WN. Characterization of reactively sputtered molybdenum oxide films for solar cell application Journal of Applied Physics. 114. DOI: 10.1063/1.4812587  0.778
2013 Simchi H, McCandless BE, Kim K, Boyle JH, Shafarman WN. Effect of Rapid Thermal Processing on the structural and device properties of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells Thin Solid Films. 535: 102-106. DOI: 10.1016/J.Tsf.2012.11.061  0.802
2013 Rockett A, Van Duren JKJ, Pudov A, Shafarman WN. First quadrant phototransistor behavior in CuInSe2 photovoltaics Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 118: 141-148. DOI: 10.1016/J.Solmat.2013.07.032  0.335
2013 Bär M, Pookpanratana S, Weinhardt L, Wilks RG, Schubert BA, Marsen B, Unold T, Blum M, Krause S, Zhang Y, Ranasinghe A, Ramanathan K, Repins I, Contreras MA, Nishiwaki S, ... ... Shafarman WN, et al. Soft X-rays shedding light on thin-film solar cell surfaces and interfaces Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. 190: 47-53. DOI: 10.1016/J.Elspec.2012.10.004  0.402
2012 Hanket GM, Thompson CP, Larsen JK, Eser E, Shafarman WN. Control of Ga profiles in (AgCu)(InGa)Se2 absorber layers deposited on polyimide substrates Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 662-667. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2012.6317696  0.49
2012 Kim K, Kimberly EL, Damiani A, Hanket GM, Shafarman WN. +Three-step H2Se/Ar/H2S reaction of metal precursors for large area Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 with uniform Ga distribution Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC-Vol2.2013.6656716  0.489
2012 Simchi H, McCandless BE, Kim K, Boyle JH, Birkmire RW, Shafarman WN. An investigation of the surface properties of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se 2 thin films Ieee Journal of Photovoltaics. 2: 519-523. DOI: 10.1109/Jphotov.2012.2204391  0.807
2012 Kim K, Hanket GM, Huynh T, Shafarman WN. Three-step H 2Se/Ar/H 2S reaction of Cu-In-Ga precursors for controlled composition and adhesion of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 thin films Journal of Applied Physics. 111. DOI: 10.1063/1.4704390  0.604
2012 Dinca SA, Schiff EA, Shafarman WN, Egaas B, Noufi R, Young DL. Electron drift-mobility measurements in polycrystalline CuIn 1-xGa xSe 2 solar cells Applied Physics Letters. 100. DOI: 10.1063/1.3692165  0.363
2011 Huynh T, Buchanan W, Kim K, McCandless B, Shafarman W, Birkmire R. Cu-In-Ga metal precursors sputter deposited from a single ternary target for Cu(lnGa)(SeS) 2 film formation Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 000382-000386. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2011.6185974  0.491
2011 Simchi H, McCandless B, Shafarman W, Kim K, Boyle J, Birkmire R. Surface characterization of (AgCu)(InGa)Se 2 thin films for solar cells Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 000041-000045. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2011.6185840  0.391
2011 Erslev PT, Shafarman WN, Cohen JD. Metastable properties of Cu(In1-xGax) Se2 with and without sodium Applied Physics Letters. 98. DOI: 10.1063/1.3553783  0.494
2011 Erslev PT, Lee J, Hanket GM, Shafarman WN, Cohen JD. The electronic structure of Cu(In1 - XGax)Se 2 alloyed with silver Thin Solid Films. 519: 7296-7299. DOI: 10.1016/J.Tsf.2011.01.368  0.463
2011 Boyle JH, McCandless BE, Hanket GM, Shafarman WN. Structural characterization of the (AgCu)(InGa)Se 2 thin film alloy system for solar cells Thin Solid Films. 519: 7292-7295. DOI: 10.1016/J.Tsf.2011.01.138  0.549
2011 Kyoung Kim W, Hanket GM, Shafarman WN. Ga homogenization by simultaneous H2Se/H2S reaction of Cu-GaIn precursor Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 95: 235-238. DOI: 10.1016/J.Solmat.2010.04.050  0.574
2011 Shafarman WN, Siebentritt S, Stolt L. Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering. 546-599. DOI: 10.1002/9780470974704.ch13  0.355
2010 Lee J, Edward Elder K, Shafarman WN, David Cohen J. Electroabsorption measurements on bifacial CIGS solar cell devices Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 1165: 295-300. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-1165-M08-08  0.455
2010 Eser E, Fields S, Kim WK, McQuiston E, Kim K, Shafarman WN. Cu(InGa)Se2 photovoltaics on insulated stainless steel web substrate Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 661-666. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5616883  0.49
2010 Hanket GM, Boyle JH, Shafarman WN, Teeter G. Wide-bandgap (AgCu)(InGa)Se2 absorber layers deposited by three-stage co-evaporation Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 3425-3429. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5614576  0.506
2010 Kamada R, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 film formation from selenization of mixed metal/metal–selenide precursors Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 94: 451-456. DOI: 10.1016/J.Solmat.2009.11.004  0.599
2010 Erslev PT, Hanket GM, Shafarman WN, Cohen JD. Characterizing the effects of silver alloying in chalcopyrite CIGS solar cells with junction capacitance methods Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 1165: 3-8.  0.329
2009 Erslev P, Hanket GM, Shafarman WN, Cohen DJ. Characterizing the effects of silver alloying in chalcopyrite CIGS with junction capacitance methods Mrs Proceedings. 1165. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-1165-M01-07  0.46
2009 Hanket GM, Boyle JH, Shafarman WN. Characterization and device performance of (AgCu)(InGa)Se2 absorber layers Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 001240-001245. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411241  0.483
2009 Wilson JD, McCandless BE, Birkmire RW, Shafarman WN. In-situ post-deposition thermal annealing of co-evaporated Cu(InGa)Se 2 thin films deposited at low temperatures Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 001144-001148. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411221  0.456
2009 Kim WK, Hanket GM, Shafarman WN. Ga distribution and adhesion issues in selenization of metallic Cu-Ga-In precursors Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 000844-000847. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411155  0.477
2009 Dinca SA, Schiff EA, Egaas B, Noufi R, Young DL, Shafarman WN. Hole drift mobility measurements in polycrystalline CuIn 1-xGaxSe2 Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. 80. DOI: 10.1103/Physrevb.80.235201  0.349
2009 Erslev PT, Lee JW, Shafarman WN, Cohen JD. The influence of Na on metastable defect kinetics in CIGS materials Thin Solid Films. 517: 2277-2281. DOI: 10.1016/J.Tsf.2008.10.140  0.423
2009 Spies JA, Schafer R, Wager JF, Hersh P, Platt HAS, Keszler DA, Schneider G, Kykyneshi R, Tate J, Liu X, Compaan AD, Shafarman WN. pin double-heterojunction thin-film solar cell p-layer assessment Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 93: 1296-1308. DOI: 10.1016/J.Solmat.2009.01.024  0.445
2009 Igalson M, Zabierowski P, Przado D, Urbaniak A, Edoff M, Shafarman WN. Understanding defect-related issues limiting efficiency of CIGS solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 93: 1290-1295. DOI: 10.1016/J.Solmat.2009.01.022  0.394
2008 Bar M, Weinhardt L, Pookpanratana S, Heske C, Nishiwaki S, Shafarman WN, Fuchs O, Blum M, Yang W, Denlinger JD. Band gap energy of chalcopyrite thin film solar cell absorbers determined by soft x-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2008.4922728  0.435
2008 Wilson JD, Birkmire RW, Shafarman WN. In-situ annealing of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films grown by elemental co-evaporation Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2008.4922551  0.483
2008 Thompson CP, Hegedus S, Shafarman W, Desai D. Temperature dependence of VOC in CdTe and Cu(InGa)(SeS) 2-based solar cells Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2008.4922548  0.354
2008 Hanket GM, Kamada R, Kim WK, Shafarman WN. Effect of reaction temperature on Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 formation by a sequential H2Se/H2S precursor reaction process Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2008.4922470  0.412
2008 Kamada R, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 film formation from selenization of mixed metal/metal-selenide precursors Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2008.4922465  0.492
2008 Bär M, Weinhardt L, Heske C, Nishiwaki S, Shafarman WN. Chemical structures of the Cu (In,Ga) Se2 /Mo and Cu (In,Ga) (S,Se) 2 /Mo interfaces Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. 78. DOI: 10.1103/Physrevb.78.075404  0.464
2008 Bär M, Nishiwaki S, Weinhardt L, Pookpanratana S, Fuchs O, Blum M, Yang W, Denlinger JD, Shafarman WN, Heske C. Depth-resolved band gap in Cu (In,Ga) (S,Se)2 thin films Applied Physics Letters. 93. DOI: 10.1063/1.3046780  0.568
2008 Nishiwaki S, Shafarman WN. Composition control of Cu (InGa) (SeS) 2 deposited by elemental coevaporation Journal of Applied Physics. 104. DOI: 10.1063/1.2965191  0.576
2008 Bär M, Nishiwaki S, Weinhardt L, Pookpanratana S, Shafarman WN, Heske C. Electronic level alignment at the deeply buried absorber/Mo interface in chalcopyrite-based thin film solar cells Applied Physics Letters. 93. DOI: 10.1063/1.2955532  0.513
2007 Erslev PT, Halverson A, Shafarman W, Cohen JD. Study of the Electronic Properties of Matched Na-Containing and Reduced-Na CuInGaSe 2 Samples Using Junction Capacitance Methods Mrs Proceedings. 1012. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-1012-Y12-30  0.321
2007 Rembold JJ, Curtis TW, Heath JT, Young DL, Johnston SW, Shafarman WN. Electronic defects and device performance in CuGaSe2 solar cells Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 1012: 425-430. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-1012-Y12-27  0.341
2007 Halverson A, Nishiwaki S, Shafarman W, Cohen JD. Energetics of Both Minority and Majority Carrier Transitions through Deep Defects in Wide Bandgap Pentenary Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 Thin Film Solar Cells Mrs Proceedings. 1012. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-1012-Y04-04  0.59
2007 Lee J, Needleman DB, Shafarman WN, Cohen JD. Understanding metastable defect creation in CIGS by detailed device modeling and measurements on bifacial solar cells Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 1012: 223-228. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-1012-Y04-02  0.309
2007 Shafarman W, Hanket G, Nishiwaki S. Composition Control in the Deposition of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 Thin Films Mrs Proceedings. 1012. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-1012-Y02-01  0.552
2007 Hanket GM, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW. Composition control in the growth of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 by the reaction of Cu-In-Ga precursors in H2Se and H2S Conference Record of the 2006 Ieee 4th World Conference On Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Wcpec-4. 1: 560-563. DOI: 10.1109/WCPEC.2006.279517  0.437
2007 Shafarman WN, Huang RS, Stephens SH. Characterization of Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cells using etched absorber layers Conference Record of the 2006 Ieee 4th World Conference On Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Wcpec-4. 1: 420-423. DOI: 10.1109/WCPEC.2006.279479  0.488
2007 Hanket GM, Shafarman WN, McCandless BE, Birkmire RW. Incongruent reaction of Cu-(InGa) intermetallic precursors in H2 Se and H2 S Journal of Applied Physics. 102. DOI: 10.1063/1.2787151  0.581
2006 Guo SY, Shafarman WN, Delahoy AE. TiN and TiO 2: Nb thin film preparation using hollow cathode sputtering with application to solar cells Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology a: Vacuum, Surfaces and Films. 24: 1524-1529. DOI: 10.1116/1.2180273  0.562
2006 Lei C, Rockett A, Robertson IM, Shafarman WN, Beck M. Void formation and surface energies in Cu(InGa)Se 2 Journal of Applied Physics. 100. DOI: 10.1063/1.2357422  0.483
2006 Singh UP, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW. Surface sulfurization studies of Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 90: 623-630. DOI: 10.1016/J.Solmat.2005.04.037  0.547
2006 Repins IL, Stanbery BJ, Young DL, Li SS, Metzger WK, Perkins CL, Shafarman WN, Beck ME, Chen L, Kapur VK, Tarrant D, Gonzalez MD, Jensen DG, Anderson TJ, Wang X, et al. Comparison of device performance and measured transport parameters in widely-varying Cu(In,Ga) (Se,S) solar cells Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 14: 25-43. DOI: 10.1002/Pip.654  0.416
2005 Halverson AF, Erslev PT, Lee J, Cohen JD, Shafarman WN. Characterization of the electronic properties of wide bandgap CuIn(SeS)2 alloys Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 865: 519-524. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-865-F16.3  0.382
2005 Lee J, Heath JT, Cohen JD, Shafarman WN. Detailed study of metastable effects in the Cu(InGa)Se2 alloys: Test of defect creation models Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 865: 373-378. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-865-F12.4  0.382
2005 Paulson PD, Stephens SH, Shafarman WN. Analysis of Cu(InGa)Se2 alloy film optical properties and the effect of Cu off-stoichiometry Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 865: 21-26. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-865-F1.4  0.591
2005 Paulson PD, Stephens SH, Shafarman WN. Analysis of Cu(InGa)Se2 alloy film optical properties and the effect of Cu off-stoichiometry Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 865: 21-26. DOI: 10.1557/PROC-865-F1.4  0.515
2005 Lee J, Cohen JD, Shafarman WN. The determination of carrier mobilities in CIGS photovoltaic devices using high-frequency admittance measurements Thin Solid Films. 480: 336-340. DOI: 10.1016/J.Tsf.2004.11.087  0.461
2005 Gossla M, Shafarman WN. Five-source PVD for the deposition of Cu(In1-xGa x)(Se1-ySy)2 absorber layers Thin Solid Films. 480: 33-36. DOI: 10.1016/J.Tsf.2004.11.049  0.622
2005 Birkmire R, Eser E, Fields S, Shafarman W. Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cells on a flexible polymer web Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 13: 141-148. DOI: 10.1002/Pip.605  0.577
2005 Shafarman WN, Paulson PD. Losses in CuInSe 2-based thin film monolithic tandem solar cells Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 231-234.  0.445
2004 Heath JT, Cohen JD, Shafarman WN. Bulk and metastable defects in CuIn1-xGaxSe2 thin films using drive-level capacitance profiling Journal of Applied Physics. 95: 1000-1010. DOI: 10.1063/1.1633982  0.452
2004 Hegedus SS, Shafarman WN. Thin-film solar cells: Device measurements and analysis Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 12: 155-176. DOI: 10.1002/Pip.518  0.506
2003 Heath JT, Cohen JD, Shafarman WN. Defects in Copper Indium Aluminum Diselenide Films and their Impact on Photovoltaic Device Performance Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings. 763: 441-446. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-763-B9.2  0.534
2003 Cohen JD, Heath JT, Shafarman WN. New Junction Capacitance Methods for the Study of Defect Distributions and Carrier Properties in the Copper Indium Diselenide Alloys Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings. 763: 429-440. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-763-B9.1  0.371
2003 Paulson PD, Birkmire RW, Shafarman WN. Optical characterization of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 alloy thin films by spectroscopic ellipsometry Journal of Applied Physics. 94: 879-888. DOI: 10.1063/1.1581345  0.486
2003 Barreau N, Bernède JC, Marsillac S, Amory C, Shafarman WN. New Cd-free buffer layer deposited by PVD: In2S3 containing Na compounds Thin Solid Films. 431: 326-329. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00216-5  0.495
2003 Heath JT, Cohen JD, Shafarman WN. Distinguishing metastable changes in bulk CIGS defect densities from interface effects Thin Solid Films. 431: 426-430. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00189-5  0.356
2003 Rockett A, Liao D, Heath JT, Cohen JD, Strzhemechny YM, Brillson LJ, Ramanathan K, Shafarman WN. Near-surface defect distributions in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Solid Films. 431: 301-306. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00148-2  0.433
2003 Zellner MB, Birkmire RW, Eser E, Shafarman WN, Chen JG. Determination of Activation Barriers for the Diffusion of Sodium through CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cells Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 11: 543-548. DOI: 10.1002/Pip.515  0.438
2003 McCandless BE, Shafarman WN. Chemical surface deposition of ultra-thin cadmium sulfide films for high performance and high cadmium utilization Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference On Photovoltaic Energy Conversion. 562-565.  0.347
2003 Shafarman WN, Marsillac S, Minemoto T, Paulson PD, Birkmire RW. Critical issues for Cu(InAl)Se2 thin film solar cells Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference On Photovoltaic Energy Conversion. 2869-2873.  0.543
2002 Marsillac S, Paulson PD, Haimbodi MW, Birkmire RW, Shafarman WN. High-efficiency solar cells based on Cu(InAl)Se2 thin films Applied Physics Letters. 81: 1350-1352. DOI: 10.1063/1.1499990  0.603
2002 Heath JT, Cohen JD, Shafarman WN, Liao DX, Rockett AA. Effect of Ga content on defect states in CuIn1-xGa xSe2 photovoltaic devices Applied Physics Letters. 80: 4540-4542. DOI: 10.1063/1.1485301  0.37
2002 Paulson PD, Haimbodi MW, Marsillac S, Birkmire RW, Shafarman WN. CuIn 1-xAl xSe 2 thin films and solar cells Journal of Applied Physics. 91: 10153-10156. DOI: 10.1063/1.1476966  0.539
2002 Tringe J, Nocerino J, Tallon R, Kemp W, Shafarman W, Marvin D. Ionizing radiation effects in copper indium gallium diselenide thin-film solar cells Journal of Applied Physics. 91: 516-518. DOI: 10.1063/1.1417986  0.552
2002 Sang B, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW. Investigation of chemical-bath-deposited ZnS buffer layers for Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film solar cells Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 632-635.  0.488
2002 Hanket GM, Singh UP, Eser E, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW. Pilot-scale manufacture of Cu(InGa)Se2 films on a flexible polymer substrate Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 567-569.  0.537
2002 Shafarman WN, Marsillac S, Paulson PD, Haimbodi MW, Minemoto T, Birkmire RW. Material and device characterization of thin film Cu(InAl)Se2 solar cells Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 519-522.  0.541
2002 Barreau N, Marsillac S, Bernède JC, Deudon C, Brohan L, Shafarman WN, Barreau A. Study of a new indium sulphide derivative for buffer layer application Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 628-631.  0.409
2001 Shafarman WN, Zhu J. Effect of grain size, morphology and deposition temperature on Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cells Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings. 668. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-668-H2.3  0.526
2001 Titus J, Schock HW, Birkmire RW, Shafarman WN, Singh UP. Post-deposition sulfur incorporation into CuInSe2 thin films Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings. 668. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-668-H1.5  0.572
2001 Huang CH, Li SS, Shafarman WN, Chang CH, Lambers ES, Rieth L, Johnson JW, Kim S, Stanbery BJ, Anderson TJ, Holloway PH. Study of Cd-free buffer layers using Inx(OH,S)y on CIGS solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 69: 131-137. DOI: 10.1016/S0927-0248(00)00386-X  0.491
2000 Hanket GM, Paulson PD, Singh U, Junker ST, Birkmire RW, Doyle FJ, Eser E, Shafarman WN. Fabrication of graded Cu(InGa)Se2 films by inline evaporation Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 2000: 499-504. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915881  0.472
2000 Olsen LC, Addis FW, Huang L, Shafarman WN, Eschbach P, Exarhos GJ. CIGSS solar cells based on CVD ZnO buffer layers Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 2000: 458-461. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915869  0.31
2000 Haimbodi MW, Gourmelon E, Paulson PD, Birkmire RW, Shafarman WN. Cu(InAl)Se2 thin films and devices deposited by multisource evaporation Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 2000: 454-457. DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2000.915868  0.553
2000 Shafarman WN, Zhu J. Effect of substrate temperature and deposition profile on evaporated Cu(InGa)Se2 films and devices Thin Solid Films. 361: 473-477. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00844-5  0.61
1999 Wang L, Eisgruber I, Hollingsworth R, Dehart C, Wangensteen T, Treece RE, Bhat P, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW, Gillespie TJ. Manufacturable large area CdS thin films for solar cell applications monitored with optical emission spectroscopy Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings. 569: 127-132. DOI: 10.1557/Proc-569-127  0.459
1997 Shafarman WN, Basol BM, Britt JS, Hall RB, Rocheleau RE. Semiconductor processing and manufacturing Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 5: 359-364. DOI: 10.1002/(Sici)1099-159X(199709/10)5:5<359::Aid-Pip186>3.0.Co;2-A  0.428
1997 Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW, Marsillac S, Marudachalam M, Orbey N, Russell TWF. Effect of reduced deposition temperature, time, and thickness on Cu(InGa)Se2 films and devices Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 331-334.  0.48
1996 Shafarman WN, Klenk R, McCandless BE. Device and material characterization of Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cells with increasing band gap Journal of Applied Physics. 79: 7324-7328. DOI: 10.1063/1.361431  0.62
1996 Phillips JE, Birkmire RW, Mccandless BE, Meyers PV, Shafarman WN. Polycrystalline heterojunction solar cells: A device perspective Physica Status Solidi (B) Basic Research. 194: 31-39. DOI: 10.1002/Pssb.2221940105  0.418
1996 Shafarman WN, Klenk R, McCandless BE. Characterization of Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cells with high GA content Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 763-768.  0.418
1995 Marudachalam M, Hichri H, Klenk R, Birkmire RW, Shafarman WN, Schultz JM. Preparation of homogeneous Cu(InGa)Se2 films by selenization of metal precursors in H2Se atmosphere Applied Physics Letters. 67: 3978. DOI: 10.1063/1.114424  0.652
1995 Yang LC, Mao HZ, Rockett A, Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW. The growth by the hybrid sputtering and evaporation method and microstructural studies of CuInSe2 films Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 36: 445-455. DOI: 10.1016/0927-0248(94)00192-8  0.483
1995 Tuttle JR, Sites JR, Delahoy A, Shafarman W, Basol B, Fonash S, Gray J, Menner R, Phillips J, Rockett A, Scofield J, Shapiro FR, Singh P, Suntharalingan V, Tarrant D, et al. Characterization and modeling of Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)2-based photovoltaic devices: a laboratory and industrial perspective Progress in Photovoltaics. 3: 89-104. DOI: 10.1002/Pip.4670030202  0.429
1994 Phillips JE, Shafarman WN, Shan E. Evidence for amorphous like behavior in small grain thin film polycrystalline solar cells Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 1: 303-306.  0.404
1991 Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW, Fardig DA, McCandless BE, Mondal A, Phillips JE, Varrin RD. Advances in CuInSe2 and CdTe thin film solar cells Solar Cells. 30: 61-67. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6787(91)90038-Q  0.551
1990 Birkmire RW, Shafarman WN, Varrin RD. Options for fabrication and design of CuInSe2 based solar cells Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 1: 550-555.  0.489
1988 Birkmire RW, McCandless BE, Shafarman WN. CdTe/CdS solar cells with transparent contacts Solar Cells. 23: 115-126. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6787(88)90011-7  0.502
1988 Shafarman WN, Birkmire RW. Characterization of window layers in CuInSe2 thin-film solar cells Conference Record of the Ieee Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. 2: 1515-1519.  0.393
Show low-probability matches.