Deborah L. Wingard - Publications

Affiliations: 
Pub Hlth (Epidemiol) Jt Doc SDSU University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 
Area:
Epidemiology, Oncology

81 high-probability publications. We are testing a new system for linking publications to authors. You can help! If you notice any inaccuracies, please sign in and mark papers as correct or incorrect matches. If you identify any major omissions or other inaccuracies in the publication list, please let us know.

Year Citation  Score
2015 Calvo RY, Lindsay SP, Edland SD, Macera CA, Wingard DL, Ohno-Machado L, Sise MJ. The differential associations of preexisting conditions with trauma-related outcomes in the presence of competing risks. Injury. PMID 26684173 DOI: 10.1016/J.Injury.2015.10.055  0.302
2013 Mohr SB, Gorham ED, Alcaraz JE, Kane CI, Macera CA, Parsons JK, Wingard DL, Horst R, Garland CF. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer in the military: a case-control study utilizing pre-diagnostic serum. Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 24: 495-504. PMID 23296455 DOI: 10.1007/S10552-012-0140-6  0.647
2013 Avalos EE, Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Bergstrom JN, Al-Delaimy WK. Is dairy product consumption associated with the incidence of CHD? Public Health Nutrition. 16: 2055-63. PMID 23026077 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012004168  0.303
2012 Mohr SB, Gorham ED, Alcaraz JE, Kane CI, Macera CA, Parsons JK, Wingard DL, Garland CF. Does the evidence for an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and breast cancer risk satisfy the Hill criteria? Dermato-Endocrinology. 4: 152-7. PMID 22928071 DOI: 10.4161/derm.20449  0.616
2012 Jacobs MB, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. The association of reproductive history with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Fertility and Sterility. 97: 118-24. PMID 22130321 DOI: 10.1016/J.Fertnstert.2011.10.028  0.376
2011 Mohr SB, Gorham ED, Alcaraz JE, Kane CJ, Macera CA, Parsons JK, Wingard DL, Garland CF. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and prevention of breast cancer: pooled analysis. Anticancer Research. 31: 2939-48. PMID 21868542  0.624
2010 Carpiuc KT, Wingard DL, Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E. The association of angina pectoris with heart disease mortality among men and women by diabetes status: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Journal of Women's Health (2002). 19: 1433-9. PMID 20629575 DOI: 10.1089/Jwh.2009.1649  0.39
2010 Eskridge SL, Morton DJ, Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard D, Wooten W. Estrogen therapy and bone mineral density in African-American and Caucasian women. American Journal of Epidemiology. 171: 808-16. PMID 20179160 DOI: 10.1093/Aje/Kwp460  0.309
2010 Major JM, Laughlin GA, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Insulin-like growth factor-I and cancer mortality in older men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 95: 1054-9. PMID 20080855 DOI: 10.1210/Jc.2009-1378  0.316
2010 Erickson K, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Birth weight and cognitive performance in older women: the Rancho Bernardo study. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 13: 141-6. PMID 19711148 DOI: 10.1007/S00737-009-0102-5  0.3
2009 Reis JP, Macera CA, Araneta MR, Lindsay SP, Marshall SJ, Wingard DL. Comparison of overall obesity and body fat distribution in predicting risk of mortality. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 17: 1232-9. PMID 19197258 DOI: 10.1038/Oby.2008.664  0.375
2009 Reis JP, Araneta MR, Wingard DL, Macera CA, Lindsay SP, Marshall SJ. Overall obesity and abdominal adiposity as predictors of mortality in u.s. White and black adults. Annals of Epidemiology. 19: 134-42. PMID 19185808 DOI: 10.1016/J.Annepidem.2008.10.008  0.36
2009 Morton DJ, Garrett MD, Reid J, Wingard DL. Morton et al. respond American Journal of Public Health. 99: 4-5. DOI: 10.2105/Ajph.2008.150391  0.302
2008 Reis JP, Macera CA, Wingard DL, Araneta MR, Lindsay SP, Marshall SJ. The relation of leptin and insulin with obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors in US adults. Atherosclerosis. 200: 150-60. PMID 18160070 DOI: 10.1016/J.Atherosclerosis.2007.11.015  0.391
2007 Trone DW, Kritz-Silverstein D, von Mühlen DG, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Is radiographic vertebral fracture a risk factor for mortality? American Journal of Epidemiology. 166: 1191-7. PMID 17709329 DOI: 10.1093/Aje/Kwm206  0.352
2007 Morton DJ, Kritz-Silverstein D, Riley DJ, Barrett-Connor EL, Wingard DL. Premature graying, balding, and low bone mineral density in older women and men: the Rancho Bernardo study. Journal of Aging and Health. 19: 275-85. PMID 17413136 DOI: 10.1177/0898264307299274  0.315
2007 Reis JP, von Mühlen D, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone levels, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older adults. Diabetes Care. 30: 1549-55. PMID 17351276 DOI: 10.2337/Dc06-2438  0.335
2007 Smith TC, Wingard DL, Smith B, Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E. Walking decreased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in older adults with diabetes. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 60: 309-17. PMID 17292026 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jclinepi.2006.06.013  0.361
2007 Smith TC, Wingard DL, Smith B, Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E. Author reply: independent of other exercise, walking decreased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in older adults with diabetes Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 60: 1090-1091. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jclinepi.2007.04.010  0.337
2006 Sandwell JC, Wingard DL, Laughlin GA, Barrett-Connor E. Electron beam computed tomography screening and heart disease risk factor modification. Preventive Cardiology. 9: 133-7. PMID 16849875 DOI: 10.1111/J.1520-037X.2006.04862.X  0.322
2006 Araneta MR, Morton DJ, Lantion-Ang L, Grandinetti A, Lim-Abrahan MA, Chang H, Barrett-Connor E, Rodriguez BL, Wingard DL. Hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes among Filipino women in the Philippines, Hawaii, and San Diego. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 71: 306-12. PMID 16236379 DOI: 10.1016/J.Diabres.2005.07.012  0.383
2005 SMITH T, WINGARD D, SMITH B, KRITZSILVERSTEIN D, BARRETTCONNOR E. Walking and all-cause, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease mortality in older adults with and without diabetes Annals of Epidemiology. 15: 636-637. DOI: 10.1093/Aje/163.Suppl_11.S180-B  0.315
2005 CHENG W, WINGARD D, KRITZSILVERSTEIN D, BARRETTCONNOR E. As good as it gets? Sensitivity and specificity of death certificates for diabetes: The Rancho Bernardo Annals of Epidemiology. 15: 642-642. DOI: 10.1016/J.Annepidem.2005.06.034  0.316
2003 Castillo EM, Goodman-Gruen D, Kritz-Silverstein D, Morton DJ, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Sarcopenia in elderly men and women: the Rancho Bernardo study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 25: 226-31. PMID 14507529 DOI: 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00197-1  0.368
2003 Morton DJ, Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Schneider DL. Bone mineral density in postmenopausal Caucasian, Filipina, and Hispanic women. International Journal of Epidemiology. 32: 150-6. PMID 12690028 DOI: 10.1093/Ije/Dyg024  0.328
2002 Wedick NM, Barrett-Connor E, Knoke JD, Wingard DL. The relationship between weight loss and all-cause mortality in older men and women with and without diabetes mellitus: the Rancho Bernardo study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 50: 1810-5. PMID 12410899 DOI: 10.1046/J.1532-5415.2002.50509.X  0.386
2002 Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Hysterectomy status and life satisfaction in older women. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine. 11: 181-90. PMID 11975866 DOI: 10.1089/152460902753645326  0.328
2002 Araneta MR, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Filipina-American women : a high-risk nonobese population. Diabetes Care. 25: 494-9. PMID 11874936 DOI: 10.2337/Diacare.25.3.494  0.337
2002 Oh JY, Barrett-Connor E, Wedick NM, Wingard DL. Endogenous sex hormones and the development of type 2 diabetes in older men and women: the Rancho Bernardo study. Diabetes Care. 25: 55-60. PMID 11772901 DOI: 10.2337/Diacare.25.1.55  0.37
2001 Lindblad U, Langer RD, Wingard DL, Thomas RG, Barrett-Connor EL. Metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease in elderly men and women American Journal of Epidemiology. 153: 481-489. PMID 11226980 DOI: 10.1093/Aje/153.5.481  0.342
2001 Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. "Normal" blood glucose and coronary risk British Medical Journal. 322: 5-6. PMID 11141131 DOI: 10.1136/Bmj.322.7277.5  0.328
1999 Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Garland FC. The association of behavior and lifestyle factors with menstrual symptoms Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine. 8: 1185-1193. PMID 10595332 DOI: 10.1089/Jwh.1.1999.8.1185  0.308
1998 Yarbrough DE, Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL. Birth weight, adult weight, and girth as predictors of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: The Rancho Bernardo Study Diabetes Care. 21: 1652-1658. PMID 9773725 DOI: 10.2337/Diacare.21.10.1652  0.32
1998 Kripke DF, Klauber MR, Wingard DL, Fell RL, Assmus JD, Garfinkel L. Mortality hazard associated with prescription hypnotics Biological Psychiatry. 43: 687-693. PMID 9583003 DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00292-8  0.38
1998 Buller JC, Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard D. Type A behavior pattern, heart disease risk factors, and estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: The Rancho Bernardo Study Journal of Women's Health. 7: 49-56. PMID 9511132 DOI: 10.1089/Jwh.1998.7.49  0.388
1997 Tucker JS, Schwartz JE, Tomlinson-Keasey C, Martin LR, Friedman HS, Criqui MH, Wingard DL. Parental Divorce: Effects on Individual Behavior and Longevity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 73: 381-391. PMID 9248055 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.381  0.329
1996 Cohn BA, Wingard DL, Cirillo PM, Cohen RD, Reynolds P, Kaplan GA. Re: Differences in lung cancer risk between men and women: examination of the evidence Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 88: 1867-1868. PMID 8961981 DOI: 10.1093/Jnci/88.24.1867  0.352
1996 Wingard DL, Cohn BA, Helmrich SP, Edelstein SL. DES awareness and exposure: The 1994 California Behavioral Risk Factor Survey American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 12: 437-441. PMID 8909659 DOI: 10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30305-2  0.377
1996 Park S, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL, Shan J, Edelstein S. GHb is a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than fasting or postchallenge plasma glucose in women without diabetes: The Rancho Bernardo study Diabetes Care. 19: 450-456. PMID 8732708 DOI: 10.2337/Diacare.19.5.450  0.434
1996 Palinkas LA, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Depressive symptoms in overweight and obese older adults: A test of the "Jolly Fat" Hypothesis Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 40: 59-66. PMID 8730645 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3999(95)00542-0  0.333
1996 O'Leary SR, Wingard DL, Edelstein SL, Criqui MH, Tucker JS, Friedman HS. Is birth order associated with adult mortality? Annals of Epidemiology. 6: 34-40. PMID 8680622 DOI: 10.1016/1047-2797(95)00098-4  0.355
1996 Tucker JS, Friedman HS, Wingard DL, Schwartz JE. Marital history at midlife as a predictor of longevity: Alternative explanations to the protective effect of marriage. Health Psychology. 15: 94-101. DOI: 10.1037//0278-6133.15.2.94  0.365
1995 Friedman HS, Tucker JS, Schwartz JE, Tomlinson-Keasey C, Martin LR, Wingard DL, Criqui MH. Psychosocial and behavioral predictors of longevity: The aging and death of the "termites", American Psychologist. 50: 69-78. PMID 7879989 DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.50.2.69  0.312
1995 Ferrara A, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL, Edelstein SL. Sex differences in insulin levels in older adults and the effect of body size, estrogen replacement therapy, and glucose tolerance status: The Rancho Bernardo Study, 1984-1987 Diabetes Care. 18: 220-225. PMID 7729301 DOI: 10.2337/Diacare.18.2.220  0.365
1995 Martin LR, Friedman HS, Tucker JS, Schwartz JE, Criqui MH, Wingard DL, Tomlinson-Keasey C. An Archival Prospective Study of Mental Health and Longevity Health Psychology. 14: 381-387. PMID 7498108 DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.14.5.381  0.342
1993 Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor EL, Scheidt-Nave C, McPhillips JB. Prevalence of cardiovascular and renal complications in older adults with normal or impaired glucose tolerance or NIDDM: A population-based study Diabetes Care. 16: 1022-1025. PMID 8359095 DOI: 10.2337/Diacare.16.7.1022  0.389
1993 Gorham ED, Garland FC, Barrett-connor E, Garland CF, Wingard DL, Pugh WM. Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in young adults: Experience of 1,587,630 US Navy enlisted personnel American Journal of Epidemiology. 138: 984-987. PMID 8256783 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A116818  0.344
1993 KRITZ-SILVERSTEIN D, BARRETT-CONNOR E, MORTON DJ, WINGARD DL. Winner of the Young Clinical investigater Manuscript Award: Hysterectomy Status and Preventive Health Behaviors in Older Women Journal of Women's Health. 2: 223-229. DOI: 10.1089/Jwh.1993.2.223  0.365
1992 Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. The relationship between multiparity and lipoprotein levels in older women Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 45: 761-767. PMID 1619455 DOI: 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90053-P  0.322
1992 Kaplan RM, Wingard DL, McPhillips JB, Williams-Jones D, Barrett-Connor E. Cigarette smoking, mortality, institutional and community-based care utilization in an adult community. Journal of Community Health. 17: 53-60. PMID 1564140 DOI: 10.1007/Bf01321724  0.312
1992 WINGARD DL, COHN BA, CIRILLO PM, COHEN RD, KAPLAN GA. Gender Differences in Self-Reported Heart Disease Morbidity: Are Intervention Opportunities Missed for Women? Journal of Women's Health. 1: 201-208. DOI: 10.1089/Jwh.1992.1.201  0.355
1991 Scheidt-nave C, Barrett-connor E, Wingard DL, Cohn BA, Edelstein SL. Sex differences in fasting glycemia as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease death American Journal of Epidemiology. 133: 565-576. PMID 2006643 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A115928  0.384
1991 Barrett Connor EL, Cohn BA, Wingard DL, Edelstein SL. Why Is Diabetes Mellitus a Stronger Risk Factor for Fatal Ischemic Heart Disease in Women Than in Men?: The Rancho Bernardo Study Jama: the Journal of the American Medical Association. 265: 627-631. PMID 1987413 DOI: 10.1001/Jama.1991.03460050081025  0.407
1991 Blunt BA, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. Evaluation of fasting plasma glucose as screening test for NIDDM in older adults. Rancho Bernardo Study Diabetes Care. 14: 989-993. PMID 1797513 DOI: 10.2337/Diacare.14.11.989  0.319
1991 Klein R, Barrett-Connor EL, Blunt BA, Wingard DL. Visual impairment and retinopathy in people with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and newly diagnosed NIDDM Diabetes Care. 14: 914-918. PMID 1773692 DOI: 10.2337/Diacare.14.10.914  0.31
1991 Asch S, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor EL. Are insulin and hypertension independently related? Annals of Epidemiology. 1: 231-244. PMID 1669504 DOI: 10.1016/1047-2797(91)90002-T  0.31
1991 Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. Heart Disease Risk Factors as Determinants of Dependency and Death in an Older Cohort: The Rancho Bernardo Study Journal of Aging and Health. 3: 247-261. DOI: 10.1177/089826439100300208  0.399
1991 Kaplan RM, Anderson JP, Wingard DL. Gender differences in health-related quality of life. Health Psychology. 10: 86-93. DOI: 10.1037//0278-6133.10.2.86  0.316
1990 Wingard DL, Williams-Jones D, McPhillips J, Kaplan RM, Barrett-Connor E. Nursing home utilization in adults: a prospective population-based study. Journal of Aging and Health. 2: 179-93. PMID 10104484 DOI: 10.1177/089826439000200203  0.3
1990 Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. The relationship between reproductive history and cholecystectomy in older women Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 43: 687-692. PMID 2370576 DOI: 10.1016/0895-4356(90)90039-R  0.325
1990 Holbrook TL, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Self-reported arthritis among men and women in an adult community Journal of Community Health. 15: 195-208. PMID 2365841 DOI: 10.1007/Bf01350257  0.373
1990 Mcphillips JB, Barrett-connor E, Wingard DL. Cardiovascular disease risk factors prior to the diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a community of older adults American Journal of Epidemiology. 131: 443-453. PMID 2301354 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A115519  0.349
1990 Cohn BA, Wingard DL, Cohen RD, Cirillo PM, Kaplan GA. Sex differences in time from self-reported heart trouble to heart disease death in the alameda county study: Significance of time dependence of risk variable effects American Journal of Epidemiology. 131: 434-442. PMID 2301353 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A115518  0.35
1990 Holbrook TL, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. A prospective population-based study of alcohol use and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Epidemiology. 132: 902-9. PMID 2239905 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A115733  0.34
1990 Wingard DL, Sinsheimer P, Barrett-Connor EL, McPhillips JB. Community-based study of prevalence of NIDDM in older adults Diabetes Care. 13: 3-8. DOI: 10.2337/Diacare.13.2.S3  0.399
1989 Barrett Connor E, Wingard DL, Criqui MH. Postmenopausal Estrogen Use and Heart Disease Risk Factors in the 1980s: Rancho Bernardo, Calif, Revisited Jama: the Journal of the American Medical Association. 261: 2095-2100. PMID 2926944 DOI: 10.1001/Jama.1989.03420140097034  0.362
1989 Thompson MM, Garland C, Barrett-connor E, Khaw KT, Friedlander NJ, Wingard DL. Heart disease risk factors, diabetes, and prostatic cancer in an adult community American Journal of Epidemiology. 129: 511-517. PMID 2916544 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A115162  0.339
1989 Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. The effect of parity on the later development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance New England Journal of Medicine. 321: 1214-1219. PMID 2797087 DOI: 10.1056/Nejm198911023211802  0.337
1989 Wingard DL, Cohn BA, Kaplan GA, Cirillo PM, Cohen RD. Sex differentials in morbidity and mortality risks examined by age and cause in the same cohort American Journal of Epidemiology. 130: 601-610. PMID 2764004 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A115374  0.348
1988 Criqui MH, Suarez L, Barrett-connor E, Mcphillips J, Wingard DL, Garland C. Postmenopausal estrogen use and mortality: Results from a prospective study in a defined, homogeneous community American Journal of Epidemiology. 128: 606-614. PMID 3414664 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A115008  0.402
1987 Wingard DL, Barrett-connor E. Family history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality among euglycemic, borderline hyperglycemic, and diabetic adults American Journal of Epidemiology. 125: 948-958. PMID 3578253 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A114633  0.389
1985 Mathias S, Garland C, Barrett-connor E, Wingard DL. Coffee, plasma cholesterol, and lipoproteins a population study in an adult community American Journal of Epidemiology. 121: 896-905. PMID 4014181 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A114059  0.337
1984 Wingard DL, Criqui MH, Holdbook MJ, Barrett-Connor E. Plasma cholesterol and cancer morbidity and mortality in an adult community Journal of Chronic Diseases. 37: 401-406. PMID 6715505 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(84)90107-3  0.363
1984 Barrett-Connor E, Suarez L, Khaw Kt, Criqui MH, Wingard DL. Ischemic heart disease risk factors after age 50 Journal of Chronic Diseases. 37: 903-908. PMID 6526929 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(84)90066-3  0.371
1984 Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL, Criqui MH, Suarez L. Is borderline fasting hyperglycemia a risk factor for cardiovascular death? Journal of Chronic Diseases. 37: 773-779. PMID 6501549 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(84)90046-8  0.414
1983 Wingard DL, Berkman LF. Mortality risk associated with sleeping patterns among adults Sleep. 6: 102-107. PMID 6878979 DOI: 10.1093/Sleep/6.2.102  0.325
1983 Wingard DL, Suarez L, Barrett-Connor E. The sex differential in mortality from all causes and ischemic heart disease American Journal of Epidemiology. 117: 165-172. PMID 6829546 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A113527  0.382
1983 Wingard DL, Barrett-connor E, Criqui MH, Suarez L. Clustering of heart disease risk factors in diabetic compared to nondiabetic adults American Journal of Epidemiology. 117: 19-26. PMID 6823949 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A113510  0.354
1983 Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. Sex differential in ischemic heart disease mortality in diabetics: A prospective population-based study American Journal of Epidemiology. 118: 489-496. PMID 6637976 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A113654  0.399
1982 Wingard DL, Berkman LF, Brand RJ. A multivariate analysis of health-related practices: a nine-year mortality follow-up of the Alameda County Study. American Journal of Epidemiology. 116: 765-75. PMID 7148802 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A113466  0.338
1982 Wingard DL. The sex differential in mortality rates: Demographic and behavioral factors American Journal of Epidemiology. 115: 205-216. PMID 7058779 DOI: 10.1093/Oxfordjournals.Aje.A113292  0.369
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