Alan S. Denning - Publications

Affiliations: 
Atmospheric Science Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 
Area:
Atmospheric Sciences, Ecology Biology, Climate Change

73 high-probability publications. We are testing a new system for linking publications to authors. You can help! If you notice any inaccuracies, please sign in and mark papers as correct or incorrect matches. If you identify any major omissions or other inaccuracies in the publication list, please let us know.

Year Citation  Score
2016 Lokupitiya E, Denning AS, Schaefer K, Ricciuto D, Anderson R, Arain MA, Baker I, Barr AG, Chen G, Chen JM, Ciais P, Cook DR, Dietze M, El Maayar M, Fischer M, et al. Carbon and energy fluxes in cropland ecosystems: a model-data comparison Biogeochemistry. 129: 53-76. DOI: 10.1007/S10533-016-0219-3  0.511
2016 Barnes EA, Parazoo N, Orbe C, Denning AS. Isentropic transport and the seasonal cycle amplitude of CO2 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 121: 8106-8124. DOI: 10.1002/2016Jd025109  0.469
2015 Ogle SM, Davis K, Lauvaux T, Schuh A, Cooley D, West TO, Heath LS, Miles NL, Richardson S, Breidt FJ, Smith JE, McCarty JL, Gurney KR, Tans P, Denning AS. An approach for verifying biogenic greenhouse gas emissions inventories with atmospheric CO2 concentration data Environmental Research Letters. 10. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/3/034012  0.319
2015 Kuai L, Worden JR, Campbell JE, Kulawik SS, Li KF, Lee M, Weidner RJ, Montzka SA, Moore FL, Berry JA, Baker I, Denning AS, Bian H, Bowman KW, Liu J, et al. Estimate of carbonyl sulfide tropical oceanic surface fluxes using Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer observations Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 120: 11012-11023. DOI: 10.1002/2015Jd023493  0.384
2014 Harper A, Baker IT, Denning AS, Randall DA, Dazlich D, Branson M. Impact of evapotranspiration on dry season climate in the Amazon forest Journal of Climate. 27: 574-591. DOI: 10.1175/Jcli-D-13-00074.1  0.555
2013 Schuh AE, Lauvaux T, West TO, Denning AS, Davis KJ, Miles N, Richardson S, Uliasz M, Lokupitiya E, Cooley D, Andrews A, Ogle S. Evaluating atmospheric CO2 inversions at multiple scales over a highly inventoried agricultural landscape. Global Change Biology. 19: 1424-39. PMID 23505222 DOI: 10.1111/Gcb.12141  0.361
2013 Baker IT, Harper AB, da Rocha HR, Denning AS, Araújo AC, Borma LS, Freitas HC, Goulden ML, Manzi AO, Miller SD, Nobre AD, Restrepo-Coupe N, Saleska SR, Stöckli R, von Randow C, et al. Surface ecophysiological behavior across vegetation and moisture gradients in tropical South America Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 182: 177-188. DOI: 10.1016/J.Agrformet.2012.11.015  0.558
2013 Berry J, Wolf A, Campbell JE, Baker I, Blake N, Blake D, Denning AS, Kawa SR, Montzka SA, Seibt U, Stimler K, Yakir D, Zhu Z. A coupled model of the global cycles of carbonyl sulfide and CO 2: A possible new window on the carbon cycle Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 118: 842-852. DOI: 10.1002/Jgrg.20068  0.468
2013 McGrath-Spangler EL, Denning AS. Global seasonal variations of midday planetary boundary layer depth from CALIPSO space-borne LIDAR Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 118: 1226-1233. DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50198  0.358
2012 McGrath-Spangler EL, Denning AS. Estimates of North American summertime planetary boundary layer depths derived from space-borne lidar Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 117. DOI: 10.1029/2012Jd017615  0.308
2011 Parazoo NC, Denning AS, Berry JA, Wolf A, Randall DA, Kawa SR, Pauluis O, Doney SC. Moist synoptic transport of CO2 along the mid-latitude storm track Geophysical Research Letters. 38. DOI: 10.1029/2011Gl047238  0.337
2011 Stckli R, Rutishauser T, Baker I, Liniger MA, Denning AS. A global reanalysis of vegetation phenology Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 116. DOI: 10.1029/2010JG001545  0.43
2010 Schuh AE, Denning AS, Corbin KD, Baker IT, Uliasz M, Parazoo N, Andrews AE, Worthy DEJ. A regional high-resolution carbon flux inversion of North America for 2004 Biogeosciences. 7: 1625-1644. DOI: 10.5194/Bg-7-1625-2010  0.421
2010 Butler MP, Davis KJ, Denning AS, Kawa SR. Using continental observations in global atmospheric inversions of CO2: North American carbon sources and sinks Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 62: 550-572. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00501.x  0.355
2010 Baker IT, Denning AS, Stöckli R. North American gross primary productivity: Regional characterization and interannual variability Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 62: 533-549. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00492.x  0.431
2010 Corbin KD, Denning AS, Lokupitiya EY, Schuh AE, Miles NL, Davis KJ, Richardson S, Baker IT. Assessing the impact of crops on regional CO2 fluxes and atmospheric concentrations Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 62: 521-532. DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0889.2010.00485.X  0.482
2010 Mcgrath-Spangler EL, Denning AS. Impact of entrainment from overshooting thermals on land-atmosphere interactions during summer 1999 Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 62: 441-454. DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0889.2010.00482.X  0.443
2010 Harper AB, Denning AS, Baker IT, Branson MD, Prihodko L, Randall DA. Role of deep soil moisture in modulating climate in the Amazon rainforest Geophysical Research Letters. 37. DOI: 10.1029/2009Gl042302  0.555
2009 Baker IT, Prihodko L, Denning AS, Goulden M, Miller S, Da Rocha HR. Seasonal drought stress in the amazon: Reconciling models and observations Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 114. DOI: 10.1029/2007Jg000644  0.624
2009 Corbin KD, Denning AS, Parazoo NC. Assessing temporal clear-sky errors in assimilation of satellite CO 2 retrievals using a global transport model Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 9: 3043-3048.  0.339
2008 Stöckli R, Rutishauser T, Dragoni D, O'Keefe J, Thornton PE, Jolly M, Lu L, Denning AS. Remote sensing data assimilation for a prognostic phenology model Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 113. DOI: 10.1029/2008Jg000781  0.414
2008 Williams CA, Hanan NP, Baker I, Collatz GJ, Berry J, Denning AS. Interannual variability of photosynthesis across Africa and its attribution Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 113. DOI: 10.1029/2008Jg000718  0.512
2008 Schaefer K, Collatz GJ, Tans P, Denning AS, Baker I, Berry J, Prihodko L, Suits N, Philpott A. Combined simple biosphere/carnegie-ames-stanford approach terrestrial carbon cycle model Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 113. DOI: 10.1029/2007Jg000603  0.426
2008 Stöckli R, Lawrence DM, Niu GY, Oleson KW, Thornton PE, Yang ZL, Bonan GB, Denning AS, Running SW. Use of FLUXNEt in the community land model development Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 113. DOI: 10.1029/2007JG0000562  0.567
2008 Patra PK, Law RM, Peters W, Rödenbeck C, Takigawa M, Aulagnier C, Baker I, Bergmann DJ, Bousquet P, Brandt J, Bruhwiler L, Cameron-Smith PJ, Christensen JH, Delage F, Denning AS, et al. TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO2: Analysis of synoptic-scale variations for the period 2002-2003 Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 22. DOI: 10.1029/2007Gb003081  0.399
2008 Law RM, Peters W, Rödenbeck C, Aulagnier C, Baker I, Bergmann DJ, Bousquet P, Brandt J, Bruhwiler L, Cameron-Smith PJ, Christensen JH, Delage F, Denning AS, Fan S, Geels C, et al. TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO2: Experimental overview and diurnal cycle results for 2002 Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 22. DOI: 10.1029/2007Gb003050  0.407
2008 Denning AS, Zhang N, Yi C, Branson M, Davis K, Kleist J, Bakwin P. Evaluation of modeled atmospheric boundary layer depth at the WLEF tower Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 148: 206-215. DOI: 10.1016/J.Agrformet.2007.08.012  0.412
2008 Prihodko L, Denning AS, Hanan NP, Baker I, Davis K. Sensitivity, uncertainty and time dependence of parameters in a complex land surface model Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 148: 268-287. DOI: 10.1016/J.Agrformet.2007.08.006  0.339
2008 Parazoo NC, Denning AS, Kawa SR, Corbin KD, Lokupitiya RS, Baker IT. Mechanisms for synoptic variations of atmospheric CO2 in North America, South America and Europe Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 8: 7239-7254.  0.41
2007 Stephens BB, Gurney KR, Tans PP, Sweeney C, Peters W, Bruhwiler L, Ciais P, Ramonet M, Bousquet P, Nakazawa T, Aoki S, Machida T, Inoue G, Vinnichenko N, Lloyd J, ... ... Denning AS, et al. Weak northern and strong tropical land carbon uptake from vertical profiles of atmospheric CO2. Science (New York, N.Y.). 316: 1732-5. PMID 17588927 DOI: 10.1126/Science.1137004  0.38
2007 Williams CA, Hanan NP, Neff JC, Scholes RJ, Berry JA, Denning AS, Baker DF. Africa and the global carbon cycle. Carbon Balance and Management. 2: 3. PMID 17343752 DOI: 10.1186/1750-0680-2-3  0.419
2007 Wang JW, Denning AS, Lu L, Baker IT, Corbin KD, Davis KJ. Observations and simulations of synoptic, regional, and local variations in atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 112. DOI: 10.1029/2006Jd007410  0.417
2006 Corbin KD, Denning AS. Using continuous data to estimate clear-sky errors in inversions of satellite Co2 measurements Geophysical Research Letters. 33. DOI: 10.1029/2006GL025910  0.318
2006 Patra PK, Gurney KR, Denning AS, Maksyutov S, Nakazawa T, Baker D, Bousquet P, Bruhwiler L, Chen YH, Ciais P, Fan S, Fung I, Gloor M, Heimann M, Higuchi K, et al. Sensitivity of inverse estimation of annual mean CO2 sources and sinks to ocean-only sites versus all-sites observational networks Geophysical Research Letters. 33. DOI: 10.1029/2005Gl025403  0.352
2006 Baker DF, Law RM, Gurney KR, Rayner P, Peylin P, Denning AS, Bousquet P, Bruhwiler L, Chen YH, Ciais P, Fung IY, Heimann M, John J, Maki T, Maksyutov S, et al. TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO2 fluxes, 1988-2003 Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 20. DOI: 10.1029/2004Gb002439  0.342
2005 Yuen CW, Higuchi K, Baker D, Bousquet P, Bruhwiler L, Chen YH, Ciais P, Denning AS, Fan S, Fung I, Gloor M, Gurney KR, Heimann M, John J, Law RM, et al. Impact of Fraserdale CO2 observations on annual flux inversion of the North American boreal region Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 57: 203-209. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00150.x  0.355
2005 Peters W, Miller JB, Whitaker J, Denning AS, Hirsch A, Krol MC, Zupanski D, Bruhwiler L, Tans PP. An ensemble data assimilation system to estimate CO<inf>2</inf> surface fluxes from atmospheric trace gas observations Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 110: 1-18. DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006157  0.304
2005 Lu L, Denning AS, da Silva-Dias MA, da Silva-Dias P, Longo M, Freitas SR, Saatchi S. Mesoscale circulations and atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> variations in the Tapajós Region, Pará, Brazil Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 110: 1-17. DOI: 10.1029/2004Jd005757  0.438
2005 Schaefer K, Denning AS, Leonard O. The winter Arctic Oscillation, the timing of spring, and carbon fluxes in the Northern Hemisphere Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 19: 1-17. DOI: 10.1029/2004GB002336  0.488
2005 Suits NS, Denning AS, Berry JA, Still CJ, Kaduk J, Miller JB, Baker IT. Simulation of carbon isotope discrimination of the terrestrial biosphere Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 19: 1-15. DOI: 10.1029/2003Gb002141  0.432
2005 Hanan NP, Berry JA, Verma SB, Walter-Shea EA, Suyker AE, Burba GG, Denning AS. Testing a model of CO2, water and energy exchange in Great Plains tallgrass prairie and wheat ecosystems Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 131: 162-179. DOI: 10.1016/J.Agrformet.2005.05.009  0.519
2004 Helliker BR, Berry JA, Betts AK, Bakwin PS, Davis KJ, Denning AS, Ehleringer JR, Miller JB, Butler MP, Ricciuto DM. Estimates of net CO2 flux by application of equilibrium boundary layer concepts to CO2 and water vapor measurements from a tall tower Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 109: D20106 1-13. DOI: 10.1029/2004Jd004532  0.366
2004 Schaefer K, Denning AS, Leonard O. The winter Arctic Oscillation and the timing of snowmelt in Europe Geophysical Research Letters. 31: 1-4. DOI: 10.1029/2004GL021035  0.383
2004 Nicholls ME, Denning AS, Prihodko L, Vidale PL, Baker I, Davis K, Bakwin P. A multiple-scale simulation of variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide using a coupled biosphere-atmospheric model Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 109. DOI: 10.1029/2003Jd004482  0.385
2004 Yi C, Davis KJ, Bakwin PS, Denning AS, Zhang N, Desai A, Lin JC, Gerbig C. Observed covariance between ecosystem carbon exchange and atmospheric boundary layer dynamics at a site in northern Wisconsin Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 109. DOI: 10.1029/2003Jd004164  0.379
2004 Silva Dias MAF, Silva Dias PL, Longo M, Fitzjarrald DR, Denning AS. River breeze circulation in eastern Amazonia: Observations and modelling results Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 78: 111-121. DOI: 10.1007/S00704-004-0047-6  0.339
2004 Gurney KR, Law RM, Denning AS, Rayner PJ, Pak BC, Baker D, Bousquet P, Bruhwiler L, Chen YH, Ciais P, Fung IY, Heimann M, John J, Maki T, Maksyutov S, et al. Transcom 3 inversion intercomparison: Model mean results for the estimation of seasonal carbon sources and sinks Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 18: GB1010 1-18.  0.321
2003 Dai Y, Zeng X, Dickinson RE, Baker I, Bonan GB, Bosilovich MG, Denning AS, Dirmeyer PA, Houser PR, Niu G, Oleson KW, Schlosser CA, Yang ZL. The common land model Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 84: 1013-1023. DOI: 10.1175/Bams-84-8-1013  0.409
2003 Baker I, Denning AS, Hanan N, Prihodko L, Uliasz M, Vidale PL, Davis K, Bakwin P. Simulated and observed fluxes of sensible and latent heat and CO2 at the WLEF-TV tower using SiB2.5 Global Change Biology. 9: 1262-1277. DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-2486.2003.00671.X  0.445
2003 Denning AS, Nicholls M, Prihodko L, Baker I, Vidale PL, Davis K, Bakwin P. Simulated variations in atmospheric CO2 over a Wisconsin forest using a coupled ecosystem-atmosphere model Global Change Biology. 9: 1241-1250. DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-2486.2003.00613.X  0.519
2003 Gurney KR, Law RM, Denning AS, Rayner PJ, Baker D, Bousquet P, Bruhwiler L, Chen YH, Ciais P, Fan S, Fung IY, Gloor M, Heimann M, Higuchi K, John J, et al. TransCom 3 CO2 inversion intercomparison: 1. Annual mean control results and sensitivity to transport and prior flux information Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 55: 555-579. DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0889.2003.00049.X  0.352
2002 Gurney KR, Law RM, Denning AS, Rayner PJ, Baker D, Bousquet P, Bruhwiler L, Chen YH, Ciais P, Fan S, Fung IY, Gloor M, Heimann M, Higuchi K, John J, et al. Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models. Nature. 415: 626-30. PMID 11832942 DOI: 10.1038/415626A  0.411
2002 Randerson JT, Collatz GJ, Fessenden JE, Munoz AD, Still CJ, Berry JA, Fung IY, Suits N, Denning AS. A possible global covariance between terrestrial gross primary production and 13C discrimination: Consequences for the atmospheric 13C budget and its response to ENSO Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 16: 83-1. DOI: 10.1029/2001Gb001845  0.37
2002 Randerson JT, Still CJ, Ballé JJ, Fung IY, Doney SC, Tans PP, Conway TJ, White JWC, Vaughn B, Suits N, Denning AS. Carbon isotope discrimination of arctic and boreal biomes inferred from remote atmospheric measurements and a biosphere-atmosphere model Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 16: 1-1.  0.374
2002 Schaefer K, Denning AS, Suits N, Kaduk J, Baker I, Los S, Prihodko L. Effect of climate on interannual variability of terrestrial CO2 fluxes Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 16: 49-1.  0.5
2001 Schimel DS, House JI, Hibbard KA, Bousquet P, Ciais P, Peylin P, Braswell BH, Apps MJ, Baker D, Bondeau A, Canadell J, Churkina G, Cramer W, Denning AS, Field CB, et al. Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Nature. 414: 169-72. PMID 11700548 DOI: 10.1038/35102500  0.386
2001 Engelen RJ, Denning AS, Gurney KR, Stephens GL. Global observations of the carbon budget 1. Expected satellite capabilities for emission spectroscopy in the EOS and NPOESS eras Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 106: 20055-20068.  0.34
1999 Peylin P, Ciais P, Denning AS, Tans PP, Berry JA, White JWC. A 3-dimensional study of δ18O in atmospheric CO2: Contribution of different land ecosystems Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 51: 642-667.  0.526
1999 Potosnak MJ, Wofsy SC, Denning AS, Conway TJ, Munger JW, Barnes DH. Influence of biotic exchange and combustion sources on atmospheric CO2 concentrations in New England from observations at a forest flux tower Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 104: 9561-9569.  0.36
1999 Denning AS, Takahashi T, Friedlingstein P. Can a strong atmospheric CO2 rectifier effect be reconciled with a 'reasonable' carbon budget? Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 51: 249-253.  0.395
1999 Denning AS, Holzer M, Gurney KR, Heimann M, Law RM, Rayner PJ, Fung IY, Fan SM, Taguchi S, Friedlingstein P, Balkanski Y, Taylor J, Maiss M, Levin I. Three-dimensional transport and concentration of SF6 a model intercomparison study (TransCom 2) Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 51: 266-297.  0.307
1998 Pielke RA, Avissar R, Raupach M, Dolman AJ, Zeng X, Denning AS. Interactions between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems: influence on weather and climate Global Change Biology. 4: 461-475. DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-2486.1998.00176.X  0.364
1997 Sellers PJ, Dickinson RE, Randall DA, Betts AK, Hall FG, Berry JA, Collatz GJ, Denning AS, Mooney HA, Nobre CA, Sato N, Field CB, Henderson-Sellers A. Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere Science (New York, N.Y.). 275: 502-9. PMID 8999789 DOI: 10.1126/Science.275.5299.502  0.566
1997 Fung I, Field CB, Berry JA, Thompson MV, Randerson JT, Malmström CM, Vitousek PM, James Collatz G, Sellers PJ, Randall DA, Denning AS, Badeck F, John J. Carbon 13 exchanges between the atmosphere and biosphere Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 11: 507-533. DOI: 10.1029/97Gb01751  0.421
1997 Ciais P, Denning AS, Tans PP, Berry JA, Randall DA, Collatz GJ, Sellers PJ, White JWC, Trolier M, Meijer HAJ, Francey RJ, Monfray P, Heimann M. A three-dimensional synthesis study of δ<sup>18</sup>O in atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> 1. Surface fluxes Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 102: 5857-5872.  0.469
1997 Ciais P, Tans PP, Denning AS, Francey RJ, Trolier M, Meijer HAJ, White JWC, Berry JA, Randall DA, Collatz GJ, Sellers PJ, Monfray P, Heimann M. A three-dimensional synthesis study of δ<sup>18</sup>O in atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> 2. Simulations with the TM2 transport model Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 102: 5873-5883.  0.515
1996 Denning AS, Randall DA, Collatz GJ, Sellers PJ. Simulations of terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric CO2 in a general circulation model. Part 2: Simulated CO2 concentrations Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 48: 543-567. DOI: 10.3402/Tellusb.V48I4.15931  0.474
1996 Denning AS, Collatz GJ, Zhang C, Randall DA, Berry JA, Sellers PJ, Colello GD, Dazlich DA. Simulations of terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric CO2 in a general circulation model. Part 1: Surface carbon fluxes Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 48: 521-542. DOI: 10.3402/Tellusb.V48I4.15930  0.482
1996 Law RM, Rayner PJ, Denning AS, Erickson D, Fung IY, Heimann M, Piper SC, Ramonet M, Taguchi S, Taylor JA, Trudinger CM, Watterson IG. Variations in modeled atmospheric transport of carbon dioxide and the consequences for CO2 inversions Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 10: 783-796.  0.466
1996 Peylin P, Ciais P, Tans PP, Six K, Berry JA, Denning AS. 18O in atmospheric CO2 simulated by a 3-D transport model: A sensitivity study to vegetation and soil fractionation factors Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 21: 463-469.  0.411
1996 Zhang C, Dazlich DA, Randall DA, Sellers PJ, Denning AS. Calculation of the global land surface energy, water and CO<inf>2</inf> fluxes with an off-line version of SiB2 Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 101: 19061-19075.  0.496
1995 Denning AS, Fung IY, Randall D. Latitudinal gradient of atmospheric CO2 due to seasonal exchange with land biota Nature. 376: 240-243. DOI: 10.1038/376240A0  0.391
1991 Denning AS, Baron J, Mast MA, Arthur M. Hydrologic pathways and chemical composition of runoff during snowmelt in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 59: 107-123. DOI: 10.1007/Bf00283175  0.348
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