1981 — 1982 |
Rose, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Numerical Methods For Problems in Flows Through Porous Mediaand Heat Transfer |
0.961 |
1985 — 1989 |
Rose, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Kinematics of the Hand and Foot in Extant Anthropoids and Miocene Hominoids @ Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey-Rbhs-New Jersey Med |
0.939 |
1986 — 1991 |
Rose, Michael R |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Genetically Postponed Senescence in Drosophila @ University of California Irvine
The proposed research is concerned with genetically-postponed senescence in Drosophila melanogaster. Mammalian senescence does not readily respond to simple types of environmental manipulation, while interspecific differences in mammalian senescence, as measured by maximum longevity for example, are substantial. Evolutionary changes to mammalian physiology can evidently postpone senescence substantially. This suggests that biomedical research should be directed toward understanding how evolution can genetically postpone senescence, in the hope of discovering how to mimic the effects of such genetic change biochemically. Since little is known of genetically-postponed senescence in any species, it is proposed that initial research concentrate on the most tractable animal species from the standpoints of evolutionary manipulation and genetic analysis, such as D. melanogaster. Stocks of this species with genetically-postponed senescence have already been produced and subjected to some evolutionary, physiological, and genetic analysis. Further analysis requires the creation of stocks which have been genetically fixed for the alleles affecting specific physiological mechanisms of postponed senescence, which can be done by artificial selection on characters which enhance adult survival, specifically resistance to starvation, desiccation, and low-levels of ambient ethanol. Once these stocks have been created, it is proposed that: (i) a specific locus affecting starvation-resistance be mapped using electrophoretic markers; (ii) the genetic relationship between fitness and postponed senescence be determined by sorting out the distinct loci and physiological mechanisms which postpone senescence into two classes, those that have antagonistic pleitropic effects on fitness-components and those that do not have such effects; and (iii) further physiological analyses be carried out with a view to determining the molecular basis of the physiological mechanisms of postponed senescence.
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0.958 |
1992 — 1996 |
Rose, Michael Mueller, Laurence |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Dietary Restriction and Trade-Offs Between Survival and Reproduction @ University of California-Irvine
Drosophila that have evolved enhanced longevity usually have reduced early reproduction. There are also negative correlations between reproduction and survival characters (e.g. starvation resistance) in D. melanogaster. Similarly, Drosophila and other organisms that have enhanced survival as a result of dietary restriction have reduced fertility. What is not clear is how nutrition and selection might interact with each other in the enhancement of survival, given that both are affected by this type of trade-off. The central questions for this project revolve around this interaction: (i) Can genetic trade-offs between survival and reproduction be surmounted by nutritional manipulation? (ii) Can selection change the effects of dietary restriction upon survival and reproduction? Two main experiments are planned. (1) Estimation of genetic correlations between early fecundity and starvation resistance (a factor that controls longevity) over four nutritional environments. This experiment would test the environmental dependence of genetic correlation. (2) Selection for increased starvation resistance under varying nutritional regimes: high or low nutrition before starvation and high or low nutrition after starvation but before egglaying. One of these selection regimes would favor the erosion of the normal dietary restriction (high then low nutrition), while one would favor it (low then high nutrition). The experiment would test the degree to which the dietary restriction response can be genetically changed by selection. Experiments (1) and (2) might reveal conditions under which trade-off between fecundity and starvation resistance is circumvented.
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1 |
1992 — 1995 |
Rose, Michael R |
P01Activity Code Description: For the support of a broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term research program which has a specific major objective or a basic theme. A program project generally involves the organized efforts of relatively large groups, members of which are conducting research projects designed to elucidate the various aspects or components of this objective. Each research project is usually under the leadership of an established investigator. The grant can provide support for certain basic resources used by these groups in the program, including clinical components, the sharing of which facilitates the total research effort. A program project is directed toward a range of problems having a central research focus, in contrast to the usually narrower thrust of the traditional research project. Each project supported through this mechanism should contribute or be directly related to the common theme of the total research effort. These scientifically meritorious projects should demonstrate an essential element of unity and interdependence, i.e., a system of research activities and projects directed toward a well-defined research program goal. |
Postoned Aging in Drosophila @ University of California Irvine
The proposed research has two overall aims: (1) to further understand postponed aging in Drosophila; and (2) to use Drosophila to develop methods for postponing aging in other species. The Program Project consists of a Core and five Component Projects, as follows. The core would maintain D. melanogaster stocks with postponed aging, stocks that all Projects would use, except Project 3. Project 1 concerns genotype-by-environment interactions involving nutrition and genetically postponed aging. Nutrition would be varied during selection for postponed aging and selection for starvation resistance. Project 2 is concerned with the physiological analysis of the correlates of postponed aging. This study would particularly emphasize those relationships between metabolic resource allocation, response to dietary manipulation, and aging that characterize postponed-aging and stress-resistant stocks. Project 3 addresses the problem of generalizing from one species to another, within a defined taxonomic group. the proposal is to select for postponed aging upon five Drosophila species, including D. melanogaster, and then test for physiological and genetic parallels in the responses of the five species. Breeding experiments with D. melanogaster would be performed to compare the effects of alternative electrophoretic genotypes on aging phenotypes. Project 4 is concerned with the effects of linkage disequilibrium and finite population size on the population genetics of postponed aging. Mathematical and experimental work would analyze the extent of linkage disequilibrium arising from selection for postponed aging, the experimental work concentrating on the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase locus, which has undergone allele frequency change in the course of selection. Project 5 would use protein microsequencing, probing, and cloning to identify loci that produce the proteins that have already been found to be associated with postponed aging from two-dimensional protein electrophoresis.
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0.958 |
1993 — 1996 |
Turnquist, Jean Rose, Michael Cant, John |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Functional Morphology and Positional Behavior of Large- Bodied New World Primates @ University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus
The howler (Alouatta), wooly (Lagothrix), and spider monkey (Ateles) are large New World monkeys and exhibit diverse locomotor patterns ranging from above-branch quadrupedalism to specialized suspensory progression below supports. For a variety of reasons, their behaviors have come to be used as models for interpreting the functional morphology of fossil catarrhine primates of the old world, and our own ancestors. This research project will determine the adaptive significance of the positional behaviors (locomotor, postural, and manipulatory) of these three genera of New World monkeys, and the functional significance of the postcranial morphology that generates those behaviors. The project integrates several approaches; morphological analysis, quantiative skeletal morphometrics, and radiography; motion analysis of video recordings; and observations in natural habitats. The integration of these approaches will produce a coherent body of results concerning relationships among morphology, positional behavior and habitat structure.
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0.94 |
2003 — 2005 |
Rose, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Dissertation Research: the Evolution of Late-Life Fecundity @ University of California-Irvine
The objective of this proposal is to test general theories of late life - both evolutionary and non-evolutionary - using fecundity. Thus far, fecundity has been shown to plateau late in life and evolve according to evolutionary theory. Alternative non-evolutionary hypotheses have not been able to satisfactorily explain these results, as late-life fecundity plateaus do not arise from diminished male sexual function, nutritional effects, or mortality-rate plateaus. The proposed experiments will specifically test the heterogeneity and antagonistic pleiotropy theories of late life, using Drosophila melanogaster. Heterogeneity in fecundity will be tested by measuring lifetime individual fecundity within a large cohort and comparing fecundity patterns of females that survive to the fecundity plateau with those that do not. Antagonistic pleiotropy between late-life fecundity and early fitness will be tested using 25 generations of selection for earlier reproduction, followed by a comparison of late-life fecundity between the early-reproducing cohorts and the original later-reproducing cohorts.
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1 |
2009 — 2011 |
Rose, Michael Shahrestani, Parvin (co-PI) [⬀] |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Dissertation Research: Experimental Evolution of the Cessation of Aging @ University of California-Irvine
In organisms that age, adulthood can be divided into two periods: 'aging,' during which mortality rates increase rapidly, and 'late life,' during which mortality rates plateau. Little is known about the physiology of late life, and in particular about whether functional stabilization occurs during late life. The planned research will test whether functional capacities shift in response to changes in the timing of late life using laboratory fruit flies as a model system. Two sets of populations that differ significantly with respect to the age of onset of late life will be compared for mobility and resistance to stress during the transition from aging to late life.
The discovery of the cessation of aging late in adult life has significant implications for government agencies that need to know how best to care for the elderly. Understanding the functional significance of late life will be important for projections of health and social costs associated with aging. Governmental decision-making that involves projecting future changes in life expectancy and disability needs to be based on valid scientific information concerning the functional effects of the cessation of aging. The project will support a female graduate student and fourteen undergraduate students who are mentored by the co-PI and will design and implement project in experimental evolution.
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1 |
2010 — 2012 |
Rose, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Syntheses of Nickel and Cobalt Phosphine Complexes as Catalysts For H2 Generation and Covalent Attachment to a Photoelectrochemically Active Silicon Surface @ California Institute of Technology
The Division of Chemistry supports Michael J. Rose of the California Institute of Technology as an American Competitiveness in Chemistry Fellow. Dr. Rose will develop water-splitting catalysts in a collaboration between the laboratories of Prof. Harry Gray and Prof. Nate Lewis. The goal of the research is to make efficient catalysts for solar fuels conversion, from earth-abundant elements. In addition, the PI will collaborate with other catalyst experts at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. For his plan for broadening participation, the PI will work with teachers and students at John Muir High School in Pasadena, CA to develop hands-on activities for young people -- demonstrating the connections between chemistry and energy. These activities are being carefully designed to align with California State High School Science Standards.
Research like that of Dr. Rose is aimed at developing alternative technologies to replace fossil fuels. The particular catalysts that Dr. Rose is investigating do not rely on precious metals, and are likely to have a greater chance of being incorporated into viable, economical approaches at generating fuel from sunlight. The efforts at broadening participation being pursued by Dr. Rose are aimed at enabling the best and brightest young people to pursue careers in science.
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0.943 |
2013 — 2014 |
Rose, Michael Cabral, Larry |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Dissertation Research: Effect of Evolutionary History On Reproductive Isolation @ University of California-Irvine
Biologists have long sought to discover how one species can evolve into two species, a process known as speciation. Some have argued that adaptation to different environments drives the evolution of new species, which is called ecological speciation. Others propose that speciation involves evolutionary change that is not related to environmental adaptation, which can be called null speciation This study will use long-isolated laboratory populations of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, some showing incipient speciation. Groups of these populations have been kept in identical environments, with some groups adapted to different ecological regimes. This is an ideal system for testing both null and ecological speciation. Mates that come from different populations produce offspring called hybrids. The inability to produce hybrids that are viable and fertile provides a measure of incipient speciation between two populations. Studying hybrids between many lab populations, some ecologically differentiated and some not, will test quantitatively which of the two speciation mechanisms, ecological or null respectively, is relatively more important.
In addition to its fundamental importance for evolutionary biology, this research also has agricultural significance, because it will suggest how readily long-separated plant varieties and animal breeds can be hybridized to yield useful new agricultural stocks. The project will also provide opportunities for several undergraduate students to participate in scientific research.
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1 |
2016 — 2017 |
Rose, Michael Phillips, Mark |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Dissertation Research: Effects of Reduced Population Size On the Genomics of Adaptation During Drosophila Experimental Evolution @ University of California-Irvine
Reduced population size, and the inbreeding that results from it, is known to reduce the functional response to selection. The present research measures the genomic impact of inbreeding on selection in the common lab fruit fly. Most animal research uses laboratory populations that are inbred, but such inbred animals may not be good research models for species that have large population sizes like humans. Understanding the genomic effects of inbreeding will help elucidate the plight of small populations undergoing intense selection. This is of great importance for such applied settings as conservation since endangered species often have very small populations. The work will also help researchers understand how populations adapt to novel, stressful environments.
The research involves sequencing pooled DNA from nearly 30 Drosophila populations maintained at small census sizes. Half of these populations were subjected to strong selection for starvation resistance, while no selection was directly imposed on the remainder. The functional response to strong selection has already been shown to be impaired in these inbred flies. Genomic analysis will reveal the genetic machinery that has impaired their response to selection. These genomic findings will then be compared to genomic studies of fruit fly populations maintained at much larger population sizes. The comparison will reveal the genetic basis of reduced response to selection with inbreeding.
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1 |
2018 — 2021 |
Rose, Michael [⬀] |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Scaffold-Based Synthetic Models of Mono-Iron Hydrogenase: Structure and Dynamics @ University of Texas At Austin
With this award, the Chemistry of Life Processes Program in the Chemistry Division is funding Prof. Michael Rose at the University of Texas at Austin to investigate the role of the iron center in an enzyme called mono-iron hydrogenase. This enzyme is molecule important for the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) in methanogens, which are single cell microorganisms that can be found for example in the human gut and in wetlands. These organisms are very efficient at transforming dihydrogen (H2) and CO2 from the environment in which they live into methane. In contrast, artificial way to capture and transform H2 and CO2 are much less efficient. Furthermore while the enzymes, in particular mono-iron hydrogenase, utilize earth abundant metals like iron and nickel, many synthetic analogues of the enzymes utilize precious metals like platinum, iridium or palladium. The research of Professor Rose focuses on understanding how the mono-iron hydrogenase catalyzes the chemical transformation in the methanogens and applying this understanding to developing artificial catalysts as efficient as the enzyme. Professor Rose also participates in the outreach program called H2fromH2O. He interacts with high school students in the central Texas region to demonstrate the fundamental science, environmental impact and possible applications for splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen and derive energy from this process. The students who participate in the outreach program further disseminate such lessons to their families and communities. This serves to raise awareness about the importance of developing renewable energy technologies. UT Austin undergraduates directly participate in the outreach efforts, become motivate to do research, and pursue job opportunities and graduate education in energy-related fields.
The available, iron-based synthetic (artificial) systems of a molecular nature do not replicate the speed and efficiency of the naturally occurring system. This research seeks to understand how components of the natural system can be incorporated to provide for enhanced reactivity. There are three technical approaches to understanding the H2-activating and hydride transfer activity of the enzyme mono-iron hydrogenase. First, synthetic model complexes are hybridized with protein hosts to determine the effect of the protein environment on the spectroscopic properties and functional reactivity of the model complexes (versus stand-alone metal complexes). Second, the "anthracene scaffold" strategy for assembling the biomimetic fac-CNS motif is modified with more flexible "anthranoid" scaffolds to investigate the role of protein-like flexibility of the donor arms on the reactivity of the model complexes. Third, the complexes contain a biomimetic pyridine moiety, which is hypothesized to assist in H2 heterolysis as a pendant base.
This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
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0.945 |
2021 — 2024 |
Rose, Michael [⬀] |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Scaffold-Based Biomimetics of Fe-Hydrogenase and Nitrogenase (Femoco): Interrogating Dynamics, Protein Matrix Effects, and Carbide Motifs @ University of Texas At Austin
With the support of the Chemistry of Life Processes Program in the Chemistry Division, Dr. Michael Rose from University of Texas at Austin investigates the role of scaffold-based ligands and carbides in supporting biomimetic models of the enzymes hydrogenase and nitrogenase. These enzymes catalyze fundamental reactions that underpin living systems in numerous environments. Hydrogenases use dihydrogen (H2) produced by microbiological fermenters to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) in organisms called methanogens. Nitrogenases convert atmospheric dinitrogen (N2, which makes up 80% of the air) into ammonia (NH3), which is essential for plant growth. These two chemical reactions are critical to environmental and green chemistry. Studies of the molecular structures and mechanisms of the active sites of these enzymes are critical to the design, synthesis and understanding of earth abundant and sustainable catalysts that will carry out these reactions. This research will be implemented by a diverse pool of undergraduate researchers from UT Austin and REU programs. These students will learn laboratory and computational skills that will prepare them for graduate study and/or STEM careers in. Dr. Rose will continue to focus on raising and improving safety awareness in the Chemistry Department including through his support of the Chemistry Student Safety Organization (CSSO), which promotes best practices in laboratory safety across the Department. The H2fromH2O educational program will continue to operate in local schools and at local events; a hands-on water-splitting experiment delivered through the program emphasizes the importance of renewable fuels and the potential of sunlight-to-hydrogen conversion as an energy paradigm.
More specifically, this research will investigate the use of supramolecular scaffold ligands based on anthracene and related units that support the chemically complex structure of [Fe]-hydrogenase. This enzyme uses a low-spin Fe(II)-dicarbonyl bound to thiolate, pyridone and organometallic acyl donor to perform H2 activation and hydride transfer. The proposed research aims to discover how molecular flexibility in the scaffold can accelerate H2 activation and catalysis. This will be achieved by installing flexible ‘anthranoids’ such as thianthrene and selenthrene in the scaffold to (i) enable more facile access to strained and reactive ground state geometries, and/or (ii) lower the energy of strained transition states to accelerate catalysis. Secondly, the research will aim to install molecular Fe complexes inside a well-characterized protein scaffold — namely, β-lactoglobulin (βLG). While it has been demonstrated that Fe complexes are catalytically competent, the research will endeavor to enhance catalysis by building structurally well-defined interactions (H-bonding, ion pairs, molecular motion) between the metal site and proteinaceous units. This research also aims to synthesize carbide-based Fe clusters relevant to the nitrogenase active site. Presently there are no known synthetic methods to access iron-sulfur-carbide clusters. The project will utilize ‘historical’ iron-carbide-carbonyl clusters as synthons for sulfur and thiolate incorporation in new Fe model complexes. Both electrophilic (S2Cl2, RS–Cl) and nucleophilic (Na2S, RS–) addition mechanisms will be explored, with an emphasis on using under-coordinated versions (non-Wade-Mingos rules) of the iron-carbide-carbonyl clusters for reactive sulfur addition.
This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
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0.945 |