1996 — 1997 |
White, Richard |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Doctoral Dissertation Research: the Influence of Culture, Economy, and Science in the Development of Oregon Salmon Management @ University of Washington
Recent research suggests that hatcheries have been an important factor contributing to the decline of salmon runs throughout the Pacific Northwest. This dissertation research project is designed to cast historical light on the construction of management policies through time, with particular attention paid to the emergence of artificial propagation as the primary tool of salmon management. The Oregon salmon fisheries serve as a long term case study of the intersection of federal, state, and private understandings of salmon management. Archive-based research will focus on correspondence between government administrators, fishery managers, industry leaders, and fishermen. The research is designed to illuminate the varied understandings of the nature of salmon and to discern the relative influence of economic interests, political agendas, and science in the shaping of fishery management. A central question is why artificial propagation emerged and remained the primary tool of salmon management when there was little scientific support or demonstration of its efficacy. A historical approach to this question should help scientists and managers better understand the forces that have shaped fishery science and its application over time.
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1 |
1998 |
White, Richard H [⬀] White, Richard H [⬀] White, Richard H [⬀] |
R03Activity Code Description: To provide research support specifically limited in time and amount for studies in categorical program areas. Small grants provide flexibility for initiating studies which are generally for preliminary short-term projects and are non-renewable. |
Thromboembolism After Illness or Surgery in the Elderly @ University of California Davis
Objective: Our goal is to reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism in the elderly. This project will be a comprehensive secondary analysis an existing data set to determine the incidence of thromboembolic complications in the first 3 months following a wide variety of different operations (n=approximately 60) and a wide spectrum of medical illnesses (n= approximately 30). Background: The majority of patients who develop deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) are over the age of 60 years and recovering after major surgery or a major medical illness, particularly those with a malignancy. Most of the literature regarding the incidence of DVT after surgery actually refers to the incidence of asymptomatic venous thrombosis. We want to analyze the incidence of newly diagnosed DVT and PE within 3 months following a wide spectrum of different operations/illnesses to determine: 1) which operations or illnesses are associated with the highest rates of DVT and/or PE, 2) the effect of age as a risk factor for developing symptomatic DVT and PE, 3) the effect of race/ethnicity, and 4) the proportion of all thromboembolic complications that occur after hospital discharge. Methods: Using a large data set with linked records provided by the State of California (years 1993-1996), we will: 1) systematically select major illnesses and operations primarily affecting the elderly from the 25 major disease categories in the Diagnostic Related Groups, 2) select ICD-9-CM codes to precisely define the cohorts of interest, 3) determine the number and time of DVT and PE events, 4) create Kaplan-Meier plots of the 3 month cumulative incidence of thromboembolic events for each condition, 5) calculate the directly standardized (to California 1990 census) 3-month cumulative incidence of thromboembolic outcomes for each operation/condition, and 5) determine the effect of age by stratified analysis of the data (grouping ages = 55-64, 65-75, 76-up) as well as proportional hazards regression (or logistic regression) modeling, controlling for sex, race and malignancy. Implications. If it can be shown that: 1) certain previously unsuspected operations and medical illnesses are associated with high rates of clinical thromboembolic events, particularly among the elderly, and 2) if further case-control studies show a low prevalence of thromboprophylaxis among cases hospitalized for these operations/conditions, the findings will provide strong evidence that these patients should be treated more aggressively with thromboprophylaxis.
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0.934 |
1998 — 1999 |
Benson, Keith [⬀] White, Richard |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Dissertation Research: Working Nature: Shaping Seattle's Urban Environments, 1880-1970 @ University of Washington
This dissertation research project investigates the role that science and technology played in shaping the built and natural environments of Seattle, Washington between 1880 and 1970. It is designed to cast historical light on the creation, growth, and development of urban ecosystems. It will also suggest how the reciprocal influences between science, technology, society and culture shape human understandings of the natural world. It brings environmental history and science and technology studies together by investigating how the built and natural environment together comprise Seattle. The project hopes to demonstrate that urban environmental concerns flow from historical conditions that fused the built with the natural. More specifically, `Working Nature` charts how engineers, city planners, workers, and political leaders created the infrastructure and urban forms integral to Seattle's growth. The research focuses on how material changes to Seattle's landscapes both reflected and affected how citizens used and understood nature. Scientific ideas and technological systems employed to create Seattle's urban environment mediated changes in the land. They also played no small role in determining how residents would come to identify their city as close to nature, and what shape future plans for Seattle would take. Phase one of the research focuses on the local primary source material for the period between 1880 and 1940. It will also look at records associated with Seattle's railroad development and park design housed in Minnesota, Massachusetts, and Washington, D.C. Phase two returns to local sources, this time after World War II, to examine how changing attitudes toward city nature influenced attempts at environmental management in the face of previous landscape changes.
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1 |