Larry V. Hedges - Publications

Affiliations: 
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 
Area:
Tests and Measurements Education, Statistics

109 high-probability publications. We are testing a new system for linking publications to authors. You can help! If you notice any inaccuracies, please sign in and mark papers as correct or incorrect matches. If you identify any major omissions or other inaccuracies in the publication list, please let us know.

Year Citation  Score
2025 Hedges LV. Effect sizes for experimental research. The British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology. PMID 40165349 DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12389  0.323
2023 Zejnullahi R, Hedges LV. Robust variance estimation in small meta-analysis with the standardized mean difference. Research Synthesis Methods. PMID 37717978 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1668  0.327
2023 Hedges LV, Tipton E, Zejnullahi R, Diaz KG. Effect sizes in ANCOVA and difference-in-differences designs. The British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology. PMID 36594164 DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12296  0.663
2020 Hedges LV, Saul JA, Cyr C, Magnus M, Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Young-Hyman D, Khan LK. Childhood Obesity Evidence Base Project: A Rationale for Taxonomic versus Conventional Meta-Analysis. Childhood Obesity (Print). 16: S21-S26. PMID 32936036 DOI: 10.1089/Chi.2020.0137  0.331
2020 Schauer JM, Hedges LV. Assessing heterogeneity and power in replications of psychological experiments. Psychological Bulletin. PMID 32271029 DOI: 10.1037/Bul0000232  0.321
2019 Hedges LV, Schauer JM. Consistency of effects is important in replication: Rejoinder to Mathur and VanderWeele (2019). Psychological Methods. 24: 576-577. PMID 31580142 DOI: 10.1037/Met0000237  0.329
2018 Siddaway AP, Wood AM, Hedges LV. How to Do a Systematic Review: A Best Practice Guide for Conducting and Reporting Narrative Reviews, Meta-Analyses, and Meta-Syntheses. Annual Review of Psychology. PMID 30089228 DOI: 10.1146/Annurev-Psych-010418-102803  0.307
2018 Hedges LV, Schauer JM. Statistical analyses for studying replication: Meta-analytic perspectives. Psychological Methods. PMID 30070547 DOI: 10.1037/Met0000189  0.376
2017 Hedges LV, Citkowicz M. Correction to: Estimating effect size when there is clustering in one treatment group. Behavior Research Methods. PMID 29270719 DOI: 10.3758/S13428-017-1010-7  0.321
2017 Chung JW, Bilimoria KY, Stulberg JJ, Quinn CM, Hedges LV. Estimation of Population Average Treatment Effects in the FIRST Trial: Application of a Propensity Score-Based Stratification Approach. Health Services Research. PMID 28833067 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.12752  0.366
2017 Hedges LV. Plausibility and influence in selection models: A comment on Citkowicz and Vevea (2017). Psychological Methods. 22: 42-46. PMID 28252999 DOI: 10.1037/Met0000108  0.333
2017 Borenstein M, Higgins JP, Hedges LV, Rothstein HR. Basics of meta-analysis: I(2) is not an absolute measure of heterogeneity. Research Synthesis Methods. PMID 28058794 DOI: 10.1002/Jrsm.1230  0.369
2017 Tipton E, Hedges LV. The Role of the Sample in Estimating and Explaining Treatment Effect Heterogeneity Journal of Research On Educational Effectiveness. 10: 903-906. DOI: 10.1080/19345747.2017.1364563  0.637
2016 Tipton E, Hallberg K, Hedges LV, Chan W. Implications of Small Samples for Generalization: Adjustments and Rules of Thumb. Evaluation Review. PMID 27402612 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X16655665  0.635
2016 Hedges LV. Applying meta-analysis to structural equation modeling. Research Synthesis Methods. 7: 209-14. PMID 27286904 DOI: 10.1002/Jrsm.1214  0.305
2016 Hedges LV, Pigott TD, Polanin JR, Ryan AM, Tocci C, Williams RT. The Question of School Resources and Student Achievement Review of Research in Education. 40: 143-168. DOI: 10.3102/0091732X16667070  0.331
2015 Hedges LV, Olkin I. Overlap Between Treatment and Control Distributions as an Effect Size Measure in Experiments. Psychological Methods. PMID 26523436 DOI: 10.1037/Met0000042  0.748
2015 Hedges LV, Citkowicz M. Estimating effect size when there is clustering in one treatment group. Behavior Research Methods. 47: 1295-308. PMID 25425393 DOI: 10.3758/S13428-014-0538-Z  0.329
2014 Hedberg EC, Hedges LV. Reference values of within-district intraclass correlations of academic achievement by district characteristics: results from a meta-analysis of district-specific values. Evaluation Review. 38: 546-82. PMID 25525096 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X14554212  0.35
2014 Hedges LV, Hedberg EC. Intraclass Correlations and Covariate Outcome Correlations for Planning Two- and Three-Level Cluster-Randomized Experiments in Education. Evaluation Review. 37: 445-489. PMID 24812142 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X14529126  0.35
2014 Shadish WR, Hedges LV, Pustejovsky JE. Analysis and meta-analysis of single-case designs with a standardized mean difference statistic: a primer and applications. Journal of School Psychology. 52: 123-47. PMID 24606972 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jsp.2013.11.005  0.372
2014 Shadish WR, Hedges LV, Pustejovsky JE, Boyajian JG, Sullivan KJ, Andrade A, Barrientos JL. A d-statistic for single-case designs that is equivalent to the usual between-groups d-statistic. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. 24: 528-53. PMID 23862576 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2013.819021  0.339
2014 Pustejovsky JE, Hedges LV, Shadish WR. Design-Comparable effect sizes in multiple baseline designs: A general modeling framework Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 39: 368-393. DOI: 10.3102/1076998614547577  0.391
2014 Hedges LV, Borenstein M. Conditional Optimal Design in Three- and Four-Level Experiments Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 39: 257-281. DOI: 10.3102/1076998614534897  0.319
2014 O'Muircheartaigh C, Hedges LV. Generalizing from unrepresentative experiments: A stratified propensity score approach Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics. 63: 195-210. DOI: 10.1111/Rssc.12037  0.389
2014 Tipton E, Hedges L, Vaden-Kiernan M, Borman G, Sullivan K, Caverly S. Sample Selection in Randomized Experiments: A New Method Using Propensity Score Stratified Sampling Journal of Research On Educational Effectiveness. 7: 114-135. DOI: 10.1080/19345747.2013.831154  0.722
2013 Hedges LV, Pustejovsky JE, Shadish WR. A standardized mean difference effect size for multiple baseline designs across individuals. Research Synthesis Methods. 4: 324-41. PMID 26053946 DOI: 10.1002/Jrsm.1086  0.388
2013 Shadish WR, Rindskopf DM, Hedges LV, Sullivan KJ. Bayesian estimates of autocorrelations in single-case designs. Behavior Research Methods. 45: 813-21. PMID 23239070 DOI: 10.3758/S13428-012-0282-1  0.385
2012 Hedges LV, Pustejovsky JE, Shadish WR. A standardized mean difference effect size for single case designs. Research Synthesis Methods. 3: 224-39. PMID 26062165 DOI: 10.1002/Jrsm.1052  0.388
2012 Hedges LV, Hedberg ECC, Kuyper AM. The Variance of Intraclass Correlations in Three- and Four-Level Models Educational and Psychological Measurement. 72: 893-909. DOI: 10.1177/0013164412445193  0.362
2011 Hedges LV, Rhoads CH. Correcting an analysis of variance for clustering. The British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology. 64: 20-37. PMID 21506943 DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8317.2010.02005.X  0.327
2011 Hedges LV. Effect sizes in three-level cluster-randomized experiments Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 36: 346-380. DOI: 10.3102/1076998610376617  0.414
2010 Hedges LV, Tipton E, Johnson MC. Erratum: Robust variance estimation in meta-regression with dependent effect size estimates. Research Synthesis Methods. 1: 164-5. PMID 26061381 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.17  0.628
2010 Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JP, Rothstein HR. A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods. 1: 97-111. PMID 26061376 DOI: 10.1002/Jrsm.12  0.355
2010 Hedges LV, Tipton E, Johnson MC. Robust variance estimation in meta-regression with dependent effect size estimates. Research Synthesis Methods. 1: 39-65. PMID 26056092 DOI: 10.1002/Jrsm.5  0.675
2010 Huttenlocher J, Waterfall H, Vasilyeva M, Vevea J, Hedges LV. Sources of variability in children's language growth. Cognitive Psychology. 61: 343-65. PMID 20832781 DOI: 10.1016/J.Cogpsych.2010.08.002  0.621
2010 Duffy S, Huttenlocher J, Hedges LV, Crawford LE. Category effects on stimulus estimation: shifting and skewed frequency distributions. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 17: 224-30. PMID 20382924 DOI: 10.3758/Pbr.17.2.224  0.331
2009 Hedges LV. Adjusting a significance test for clustering in designs with two levels of nesting Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 34: 464-490. DOI: 10.3102/1076998609337251  0.309
2009 Konstantopoulos S, Hedges LV. Analyzing effect sizes: Fixed-effects models The Hand. of Res. Synthesis and Meta-Analysis, 2nd Ed.. 279-293.  0.344
2008 Hedges LV. What are effect sizes and why do we need them? Child Development Perspectives. 2: 167-171. DOI: 10.1111/J.1750-8606.2008.00060.X  0.358
2008 Shadish WR, Rindskopf DM, Hedges LV. The state of the science in the meta-analysis of single-case experimental designs Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention. 2: 188-196. DOI: 10.1080/17489530802581603  0.403
2007 Huttenlocher J, Vasilyeva M, Waterfall HR, Vevea JL, Hedges LV. The varieties of speech to young children. Developmental Psychology. 43: 1062-83. PMID 17723036 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.5.1062  0.633
2007 Huttenlocher J, Hedges LV, Lourenco SF, Crawford LE, Corrigan B. Estimating stimuli from contrasting categories: truncation due to boundaries. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General. 136: 502-19. PMID 17696696 DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.136.3.502  0.319
2007 Hedges LV. Effect sizes in cluster-randomized designs Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 32: 341-370. DOI: 10.3102/1076998606298043  0.42
2007 Hedges LV. Correcting a significance test for clustering Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 32: 151-179. DOI: 10.3102/1076998606298040  0.309
2007 Hedges LV, Hedberg EC. Intraclass correlation values for planning group-randomized trials in education Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 29: 60-87. DOI: 10.3102/0162373707299706  0.338
2006 Crawford LE, Huttenlocher J, Hedges LV. Within-category feature correlations and Bayesian adjustment strategies. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 13: 245-50. PMID 16892989 DOI: 10.3758/Bf03193838  0.32
2006 Hedges LV. 29 Meta-Analysis Handbook of Statistics. 26: 919-953. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7161(06)26029-2  0.447
2006 Hedges LV, Vevea J. Selection Method Approaches Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis: Prevention, Assessment and Adjustments. 145-174. DOI: 10.1002/0470870168.ch9  0.6
2004 Hedges LV, Pigott TD. The power of statistical tests for moderators in meta-analysis. Psychological Methods. 9: 426-45. PMID 15598097 DOI: 10.1037/1082-989X.9.4.426  0.601
2004 Huttenlocher J, Hedges LV, Corrigan B, Crawford LE. Spatial categories and the estimation of location. Cognition. 93: 75-97. PMID 15147930 DOI: 10.1016/J.Cognition.2003.10.006  0.322
2004 Nye B, Hedges LV, Konstantopoulos S. Do minorities experience larger lasting benefits from small classes? Journal of Educational Research. 98: 94-100. DOI: 10.3200/Joer.98.2.94-114  0.69
2004 Nye B, Konstantopoulos S, Hedges LV. How large are teacher effects? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 26: 237-257. DOI: 10.3102/01623737026003237  0.669
2002 Neumann MS, Johnson WD, Semaan S, Flores SA, Peersman G, Hedges LV, Sogolow E. Review and meta-analysis of HIV prevention intervention research for heterosexual adult populations in the United States. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999). 30: S106-17. PMID 12107364 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-200207011-00010  0.306
2002 Johnson WD, Semaan S, Hedges LV, Ramirez G, Mullen PD, Sogolow E. A protocol for the analytical aspects of a systematic review of HIV prevention research. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999). 30: S62-72. PMID 12107361 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-200207011-00007  0.303
2002 Nye B, Hedges LV, Konstantopoulos S. Do low-achieving students benefit more from small classes? Evidence from the Tennessee class size experiment Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 24: 201-217. DOI: 10.3102/01623737024003201  0.682
2001 Hedges LV, Pigott TD. The power of statistical tests in meta-analysis Psychological Methods. 6: 203-217. PMID 11570228 DOI: 10.1037/1082-989X.6.3.203  0.624
2001 Konstantopoulos S, Modi M, Hedges LV. Who are America's gifted? American Journal of Education. 109: 344-382. DOI: 10.1086/444275  0.656
2001 Nye B, Hedges LV, Konstantopoulos S. The long-term effects of small classes in early grades: Lasting benefits in mathematics achievement at grade 9 Journal of Experimental Education. 69: 245-257. DOI: 10.1080/00220970109599487  0.695
2001 Nye B, Hedges LV, Konstantopoulos S. Are effects of small classes cumulative? Evidence from a Tennessee experiment Journal of Educational Research. 94: 336-345. DOI: 10.1080/00220670109598771  0.685
2000 Huttenlocher J, Hedges LV, Vevea JL. Why do categories affect stimulus judgment? Journal of Experimental Psychology. General. 129: 220-41. PMID 10868335 DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.129.2.220  0.668
2000 Gurevitch J, Morrison JA, Hedges LV. The Interaction between Competition and Predation: A Meta-analysis of Field Experiments. The American Naturalist. 155: 435-453. PMID 10753073 DOI: 10.1086/303337  0.306
2000 Nye B, Hedges LV, Konstantopoulos S. The effects of small classes on academic achievement: The results of the Tennessee class size experiment American Educational Research Journal. 37: 123-151. DOI: 10.3102/00028312037001123  0.699
2000 Nye BA, Hedges LV, Konstantopoulos S. Do the disadvantaged benefit more from small classes? Evidence from the Tennessee class size experiment American Journal of Education. 109: 1-26. DOI: 10.1086/444257  0.696
1999 Barbara N, Hedges LV, Konstantopoulos S. The long-term effects of small classes: A five-year follow-up of the Tennessee class size experiment Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 21: 127-142. DOI: 10.3102/01623737021002127  0.696
1999 Hedges LV, Nowell A. Changes in the black-white gap in achievement test scores Sociology of Education. 72: 111-135. DOI: 10.2307/2673179  0.301
1999 Hedges LV, Gurevitch J, Curtis PS. The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology Ecology. 80: 1150-1156. DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1150:Tmaorr]2.0.Co;2  0.326
1999 Gurevitch J, Hedges LV. Statistical issues in ecological meta-analyses Ecology. 80: 1142-1149. DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1142:Siiema]2.0.Co;2  0.399
1998 Philipson T, Hedges LV. Subject evaluation in social experiments Econometrica. 66: 381-408. DOI: 10.2307/2998563  0.303
1998 Borman GD, D'Agostino JV, Wong KK, Hedges LV. The Longitudinal Achievement of Chapter I Students: Preliminary Evidence from the Prospects Study Journal of Education For Students Placed At Risk (Jespar). 3: 363-399. DOI: 10.1207/S15327671Espr0304_5  0.308
1998 Hedges LV, Vevea JL. Fixed- and Random-Effects Models in Meta-Analysis Psychological Methods. 3: 486-504. DOI: 10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.486  0.72
1998 Nowell A, Hedges LV. Trends in gender differences in academic achievement from 1960 to 1994: An analysis of differences in mean, variance, and extreme scores Sex Roles. 39: 21-43. DOI: 10.1023/A:1018873615316  0.356
1997 Linde K, Clausius N, Ramirez G, Melchart D, Eitel F, Hedges LV, Jonas WB. Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials Lancet. 350: 834-843. PMID 9310601 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)02293-9  0.328
1996 Hedges LV, Vevea JL. Estimating Effect Size under Publication Bias: Small Sample Properties and Robustness of a Random Effects Selection Model Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 21: 299-332. DOI: 10.3102/10769986021004299  0.715
1996 Greenwald R, Hedges LV, Laine RD. Interpreting research on school resources and student achievement: A rejoinder to Hanushek Review of Educational Research. 66: 411-416. DOI: 10.3102/00346543066003411  0.388
1996 Greenwald R, Hedges LV, Laine RD. The effect of school resources on student achievement Review of Educational Research. 66: 361-396. DOI: 10.3102/00346543066003361  0.33
1995 Vevea JL, Hedges LV. A general linear model for estimating effect size in the presence of publication bias Psychometrika. 60: 419-435. DOI: 10.1007/Bf02294384  0.709
1994 Huttenlocher J, Hedges LV. Combining graded categories: membership and typicality. Psychological Review. 101: 157-65. PMID 8121956 DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.101.1.157  0.309
1994 Hedges LV, Laine RD, Greenwald R. Money Does Matter Somewhere: A Reply to Hanushek Educational Researcher. 23: 9-10. DOI: 10.3102/0013189X023004009  0.407
1994 Hedges LV, Laine RD, Greenwald R. Does Money Matter? A Meta-Analysis of Studies of the Effects of Differential School Inputs on Student Outcomes Educational Researcher. 23: 5-14. DOI: 10.3102/0013189X023003005  0.324
1993 Hedges LV, Friedman L. Computing Gender Difference Effects in Tails of Distributions: The Consequences of Differences in Tail Size, Effect Size, and Variance Ratio Review of Educational Research. 63: 110-112. DOI: 10.3102/00346543063001110  0.327
1993 Hedges LV, Friedman L. Gender Differences in Variability in Intellectual Abilities: A Reanalysis of Feingold's Results Review of Educational Research. 63: 94-105. DOI: 10.3102/00346543063001094  0.329
1993 Vevea JL, Clements NC, Hedges LV. Assessing the Effects of Selection Bias on Validity Data for the General Aptitude Test Battery Journal of Applied Psychology. 78: 981-987. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.78.6.981  0.687
1992 Becker BJ, Hedges LV. Special Issue on Meta-Analysis Journal of Educational Statistics. 17: 277-278. DOI: 10.3102/10769986017004277  0.58
1992 Hedges LV. Modeling publication selection effects in meta-analysis Statistical Science. 7: 246-255. DOI: 10.1214/Ss/1177011364  0.424
1992 Hedges LV, Cooper H, Bushman BJ. Testing the Null Hypothesis in Meta-Analysis: A Comparison of Combined Probability and Confidence Interval Procedures Psychological Bulletin. 111: 188-194. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.111.1.188  0.339
1991 Huttenlocher J, Hedges LV, Duncan S. Categories and particulars: prototype effects in estimating spatial location. Psychological Review. 98: 352-76. PMID 1891523 DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.98.3.352  0.316
1990 Shymansky JA, Hedges LV, Woodworth G. A Reassessment of the Effects of Inquiry-Based Science Curricula of the 60's on Student Performance. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 27: 127-144. DOI: 10.1002/Tea.3660270205  0.349
1989 Hedges LV. An Unbiased Correction for Sampling Error in Validity Generalization Studies Journal of Applied Psychology. 74: 469-477. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.74.3.469  0.321
1987 Rosenbaum PR, Hedges L, Olkin I. Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 82: 350. DOI: 10.2307/2289186  0.312
1987 Games PA, Hedges LV. Multifactor analyses on proportions, variances, correlations, and standardized mean differences for independent groups Journal of Experimental Education. 56: 15-23. DOI: 10.1080/00220973.1987.10806461  0.32
1986 Hedges L, Olkin I. Book Review: Meta Analysis: A Review and A New View: Educational Researcher. 15: 14-16. DOI: 10.3102/0013189X015008014  0.323
1986 Freeman PR, Hedges LV, Olkin I. Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis. Biometrics. 42: 454. DOI: 10.2307/2531069  0.312
1984 Hedges LV. Estimation of Effect Size Under Nonrandom Sampling: The Effects of Censoring Studies Yielding Statistically Insignificant Mean Differences. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 9: 61-85. DOI: 10.3102/10769986009001061  0.453
1984 Hedges LV, Olkin I. Nonparametric estimators of effect size in meta-analysis Psychological Bulletin. 96: 573-580. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.96.3.573  0.404
1984 Becker BJ, Hedges LV. Meta-analysis of cognitive gender differences: A comment on an analysis by Rosenthal and Rubin Journal of Educational Psychology. 76: 583-587. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.76.4.583  0.568
1984 Hedges LV. Advances in statistical methods for meta-analysis New Directions For Program Evaluation. 1984: 25-42. DOI: 10.1002/Ev.1376  0.323
1983 Hedges LV, Stock W. The Effects of Class Size: An Examination of Rival Hypotheses American Educational Research Journal. 20: 63-85. DOI: 10.3102/00028312020001063  0.403
1983 Hedges LV. Combining independent estimators in research synthesis British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology. 36: 123-131. DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8317.1983.Tb00768.X  0.426
1983 Hedges LV, Olkin I. Regression models in research synthesis American Statistician. 37: 137-140. DOI: 10.1080/00031305.1983.10482726  0.392
1983 Hedges LV, Olkin I. Clustering estimates of effect magnitude from independent studies Psychological Bulletin. 93: 563-573. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.93.3.563  0.378
1983 Hedges LV. A random effects model for effect sizes Psychological Bulletin. 93: 388-395. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.93.2.388  0.45
1982 Hedges LV. Fitting Continuous Models to Effect Size Data Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 7: 245-270. DOI: 10.3102/10769986007004245  0.433
1982 Hedges LV. Fitting Categorical Models to Effect Sizes from a Series of Experiments Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 7: 119-137. DOI: 10.3102/10769986007002119  0.416
1982 Hedges LV. Estimation of effect size from a series of independent experiments Psychological Bulletin. 92: 490-499. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.92.2.490  0.436
1982 Hedges LV. Estimation and testing for differences in effect size: A comment on Hsu Psychological Bulletin. 91: 691-693. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.91.3.691  0.415
1981 Hedges LV. Distribution Theory for Glass's Estimator of Effect size and Related Estimators: Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 6: 107-128. DOI: 10.3102/10769986006002107  0.4
1980 Hedges LV, Olkin I. Vote-counting methods in research synthesis Psychological Bulletin. 88: 359-369. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.88.2.359  0.414
1980 Hedges LV. Unbiased estimation of effect size Evaluation in Education. 4: 25-27. DOI: 10.1016/0191-765X(80)90005-1  0.352
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