1978 — 1981 |
Cohen, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
A Computer Model of Organizational Adaptation @ University of Michigan Ann Arbor |
0.951 |
1982 — 1985 |
Cohen, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
The Flexibility-Efficiency Tradeoff in Alternative Organizational Forms @ University of Michigan Ann Arbor |
0.951 |
1987 |
Cohen, Michael Victor |
F33Activity Code Description: To provide opportunities for experienced scientists to make major changes in the direction of research careers, to broaden scientific background, to acquire new research capabilities, to enlarge command of an allied research field, or to take time from regular professional responsibilities for the purpose of increasing capabilities to engage in health-related research. |
Coronary Collateral Function @ University of South Alabama |
0.908 |
1988 — 1991 |
Cohen, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
A Conference On Organizational Learning At Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Spring L989 @ University of Michigan Ann Arbor
This award supports a research conference on the critical but ill understood process of how organizations learn and adapt and why some organizations are gripped by inertial seemingly unable to learn and change. Insights into organizational learning will influence theoretical developments about organizations in several disciplines concerned with the analysis of organizations. It will also have important implications for designing innovation and self renewal processes in organizations (in particular where fast learning is required for survival such as in the semi-conductor industry). The resulting volume of papers will be dedicated to honoring the contributions of James G. March to the field of organization theory and organizational decision making.
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0.951 |
1988 — 1989 |
Cohen, Michael Abel, John (co-PI) [⬀] Ingraffea, Anthony (co-PI) [⬀] Greenberg, Donald (co-PI) [⬀] |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Cise Research Instrumentation: Computer Graphics Dynamic Simulation For Scientific Inquiry
Video Recording Equipment will be provided for researchers at Cornell University for research in the Department of Computer Science. The equipment is provided under the Instrumentation Grants for Research in Computer and Information Science and Engineering program. The equipment will be used to: 1. Record dynamic computer generated simulations onto videotape 2. Capture time-dependent animated displays
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0.957 |
1990 — 1992 |
Cohen, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Control of Dynamic Simulation Through Generalized Constraints |
0.976 |
1990 — 1992 |
Cohen, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
The Dynamics of Organizational Routines @ University of Michigan Ann Arbor
This proposal outlines a valuable new approach to understanding the development of organizational routines. The ability of groups to convert experience into smoothly performed routines is a major source of the productive power of organizations. The process by which learning maps continuing experience into routines, either by reinforcing their existing structure or by transforming them, is a major source of both organizational stability and organizational change. All this has been common knowledge from studies in the last twenty-five years. Yet, there has been little progress in the development of a deeper theory of organizational routines and their dynamics. This proposal analyzes the factors that have blocked progress in understanding routines. It extends recent developments in modeling cognitive processes to provide important new tools for attacking the problems. The proposal presents a research program combining computer modeling with laboratory experimentation and describes the results that can be anticipated from a coordinated program of theory development and laboratory research.
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0.951 |
1993 — 2006 |
Cohen, Michael Victor |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Catechols and Adenosine in Myocardial Preconditioning @ University of South Alabama |
0.908 |
1997 — 1998 |
Cohen, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Memorandum of Understanding For the Conduct of Site Visits For Nsf Licensees by the National Center For Education Statistics (Nces) @ Department of Education |
0.906 |
1998 — 2001 |
Cohen, Michael B |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Fas-Mediated Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer
DESCRIPTION: The long term goal of this application is to understand the mechanisms involved in apoptosis in prostate cancer. Apoptosis is an attractive therapeutic target for prostate cancer because it is a slow growing malignancy and resistant to most therapeutic agents. The study is focused on Fas, which plays a fundamental role in apoptosis in lymphoid cells. In preliminary studies, the investigators have identified Fas expression in human prostate cancer cell lines, some of which can undergo Fas-mediated apoptosis. It is also found that human prostate cells, both benign and malignant, express Fas, as determined by immunohistochemical staining of frozen tissue sections. They also find that Fas ligation of prostate cell lines induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of multiple proteins and that treatment with cycloheximide can convert the phenotype of some Fas-resistant prostate cancer cell lines to the Fas-sensitive state. Based on these findings, they hypothesize that Fas-mediated signal transduction mechanisms and the relevant components of the apoptotic machinery are generally intact in both sensitive and resistant cells, and that suppression of Fas-mediated apoptosis in resistant cells is controlled by cellular regulatory factors. To understand the differences between the resistant and sensitive prostate cancer cell lines and to identify the mechanisms which are responsible for resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis, they propose to (1) determine the role of a ceramide-dependent mechanism in Fas-mediated apoptosis, (2) determine the role of Bcl-2 family proteins in Fas-mediated apoptosis, (3) determine the role of CD40 and NF-kappaB on TNF-alpha and Fas-mediated apoptosis, and (4) isolate genes encoding factors responsible for resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis.
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0.934 |
1999 |
Cohen, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Mou For the Cconduct of Site Visits For Nsf Licenses by Nces - 1999 @ Department of Education |
0.906 |
2000 — 2003 |
Cohen, Michael |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Sger: Exploration of New Approaches to Sustainable Infrastructure For Information Sharing @ University of Michigan Ann Arbor
The proliferation of Application Service Providers (ASPs) and software developed through the Open Source Software (OSS) approach offer enormous potential to non-profit, community-serving organizations. OSS could allow these organizations to share their limited software development resources while ASPs could allow for more reliable, lower cost and sustainable information technology infrastructures to be developed and shared by them. Together, they offer important synergies in increasing the effectiveness of community-serving organizations. However, the barriers to sustainable infrastructure are particularly acute in smaller non-profit organizations due to their limited financial and technical resources. Further, generating the requirements for shared systems is difficult. The PI and graduate students will engage in preliminary field studies with agencies delivering social services to the elderly in Detroit. These agencies are considering the use of ASPs and OSS applications and need to develop requirements. Aside from the direct and practical impacts this research may have on those agencies, new, generalizable approaches will be developed for requirements generation for information infrastructures for community-serving organizations.
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0.951 |
2001 — 2004 |
Cohen, Michael B |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Tnf Alpha Mediated Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer
DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the investigator's abstract) Our long-term goal is to understand the mechanisms that are responsible for resistance toapoptosis in prostate cancer. Understanding the mechanisms involved in apoptosis in a slowly proliferating cancer such as prostate cancer is critical. The studies proposed focus on TNF-a, which plays a critical role in apoptosis in many different cell types, and are designed to understand the mechanisms of TNF-a-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer. In preliminary studies, we have investigated the role of p53 and p21, caspases, androgens, NF-kB and mitochondrial involvement in the human prostatic carcinoma cell line LNCaP. Our data, using LNCaP and a p53 dominant negative subline (LN56), indicate that p53 plays an important role in TNF-a-ediated apoptosis. In addition, we have made novel observations about the involvement of bisindolylmalimeide (Bis IX) and will allow us to study the mitochondrial pathway in apoptosis. We believe that we have a fascinating cell system to dissect TNF-a receptor signaling, and which addresses key issues raised in the NCI's recent report on prostate cancer. We hypothesize that p53 plays a critical role in mediating TNF-a-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer. This hypothesis provides an experimental strategy for the identification of factors that are critical in p53-regulated TNF-a-mediated apoptosis. We will compare signal transduction mechanisms and different components of apoptotic machinery during TNF-a-mediated apoptosis. We believe these findings are generalizable to other cell systems and that other signaling molecules play key roles in TNF-a-mediated cell death. In order to test our hypothesis and identify the mechanisms that are responsible for TNF-a-mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer, we propose the following Specific Aims: 1) Determine the role of p21/WAF1 in TNF-a-mediated apoptosis; 2) Determine the role of caspases in TNF-a-mediated apoptosis; androgen, 3) Determine the role of NF-kB in TNF-a-mediated apoptosis; 4) 4. Determine the role of Bis IX on different TNF-a-related signaling pathways, 5. Determine the applicability to other cell systems and identify new genes involved in TNF-a-mediated apoptosis.
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0.934 |
2002 — 2005 |
Cohen, Michael B |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Trail Mediated Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our long-term goal is to understand the mechanisms that are responsible for resistance to apoptosis in prostate cancer. Understanding the mechanisms involved in apoptosis in a slowly proliferating cancer such as prostate cancer is critical. The studies proposed focus on TRAIL, which plays a critical role in apoptosis in many different cell types, and are designed to understand the mechanisms of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer. In preliminary studies, we have determined that prostatic carcinoma cell lines respond differently to TRAIL (only a subset are sensitive), and that resistance is dominant. In addition, we provide evidence that the mitochondrial pathway is involved in TRAIL-induced cell death and that there is an unusual caspase activation cascade, particularly in resistant cells suggesting a possible mechanism of resistance. Finally, we have determined that several kinase pathways are involved in modulating the signal transduction pathways, particularly the PI3K/Akt and NF-kB cascades. The proposed studies will provide a mechanistic understanding of TRAIL induced apoptosis in prostatic epithelial cells and addresses fundamental issues raised in the NCI's recent report on prostate cancer. We believe that the signaling transduction pathways which have been minimally elucidated in other cells systems, principally lymphoid cells, are different in (benign and) malignant epithelial cells, such as those of prostatic origin. We hypothesize that distinct signaling pathways confer resistance of prostatic carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced programmed cell death. To test our hypothesis and identify the mechanisms that are responsible for TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer, we propose the following Specific Aims: Aim 1: Determine the adapter and signaling molecules that are required for TRAIL-induced caspase activation; Aim 2. Determine the role of the mitochondrial pathway in TRAIL-induced apoptosis: Aim 2A. Determine the role of mitochondrial-localized apoptogenic factors; Aim 2B. Determine the mitochondrial-related caspase(s) that is involved in the processing of caspase-3; Aim 3: Determine the role of the PI3K/Akt and NF-kB pathways in TRAIL-induced apoptosis; Aim 4: Determine the effects of TRAIL and TRAIL receptor expression on human prostatic epithelial cells.
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0.934 |
2002 — 2004 |
Armstrong, Allen Cresswell, Alan Cohen, Michael (co-PI) [⬀] |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Implementing a Nanofabrication Concentration Into the Applied Physics Curriculum @ Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania
Physics (13) The project is adapting and developing new courses in material science and nanotechnology in a traditional physics curriculum to better meet the interests, needs, and employment opportunities of majors. The adapted courses are 200 level Material Engineering classes taught in a single semester at the NSF National Nanofabrication Users Network (NNUN), Penn State Nanofabrication Facility. These courses are taught by the Pennsylvania Nanofabrication Manufacturing Technology (NMT) Partnership under the joint auspices of the Nanofabrication Facility and the State of Pennsylvania. The NMT classes are a unique opportunity for students to study the techniques and processes involved in state of the art micro- and nanofabrication at a premier research facility. Two new courses in the physics curriculum offer the theoretical foundations for the techniques and process courses offered by the NMT center. This project addresses the lab component of the new courses. The new course offerings, with the addition of the NMT courses, form the basis of a Bachelors of Science Applied Physics Degree with a Nanofabrication Concentration.
This program offers significantimprovement to all three physics degree programs: 1) B.S. Physics majors interested in continuing on to graduate school have an opportunity to work with state-of-the art equipment and to fabricate devices for their undergraduate research projects, 2) B.S. Physics Ed. majors have an opportunity to gain understanding and experience in modern materials and fabrication, which they can take to the classroom to inspire future generations of students, 3) Applied Physics / Engineering majors have a viable four year alternative to the five year program currently offered.
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1 |
2002 — 2011 |
Axelrod, Robert (co-PI) [⬀] Simon, Carl Cohen, Michael Kepler, Thomas Page, Scott |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Igert: Institutions, Diversity, Emergence, Adaptations and Structures (Ideas) @ University of Michigan Ann Arbor
The University of Michigan and The Santa Fe Institute, two leading institutions in the study of complex adaptive systems, are jointly organizing and supporting an IGERT graduate program for social scientists interested in institutional performance and design. The analytic core of the curricula borrows from multiple disciplines: economics, political science, computer science, physics, and sociology. The emphasis will be on how collections of diverse agents behave and adapt when their interactions are structured by formal and informal institutional constraints. Student researchers will study how formal institutions adapt and respond, how informal institutions emerge, how the structure of relationships between and within institutions affects performance and robustness, and when and how cultural, social, economic and behavioral diversity matter for institutions. The program will be housed at the University of Michigan but students will have the opportunity to visit the Santa Fe Institute for a semester. The IDEAS IGERT will enable students to become active members in the social science research communities at both institutions through seminars, research assistantships, interdisciplinary courses, and interactions with faculty. IDEAS students will also take courses and attend seminars with students enrolled in STIET (another NSF sponsored IGERT at UM).
IGERT is an NSF-wide program intended to meet the challenges of educating U.S. Ph.D. scientists and engineers with the multidisciplinary backgrounds and the technical, professional, and personal skills needed for the career demands of the future. The program is intended to catalyze a cultural change in graduate education by establishing innovative new models for graduate education and training in a fertile environment for collaborative research that transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries. In the fifth year of the program, awards are being made to twenty-one institutions for programs that collectively span the areas of science and engineering supported by NSF.
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0.951 |
2005 — 2006 |
Cohen, Michael X [⬀] |
F31Activity Code Description: To provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research training in specified health and health-related areas leading toward the research degree (e.g., Ph.D.). |
Orbitofrontal Cortex, Impulsivity, Reinforcements @ University of California Davis
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goals of my proposed research are to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to (1) clarify the role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in using reinforcements to guide reward-seeking behavior, and (2) test the hypothesis that individual differences in impulsivity are reflected in OFC activity during reward-seeking behavior. Evidence suggests that OFC is critically involved in reward-based motivation and reinforcement, but the precise function of this region remains debated. I will test the hypothesis that OFC mediates the relationship between reinforcements of current behavior and adjustments in future reward-seeking risk-taking behavior. Two existing theoretical frameworks make differing predictions about how OFC activity would relate to adjustments in behavior, and my experiment is designed to test these predictions. Further, researchers have hypothesized that highly impulsive individuals, who are at risk for developing addictive disorders, fail to use contextual information to guide their behavior. I will test the hypothesis that this is reflected both in the ability to use reinforcements to guide future behavior, and in the extent to which OFC is recurited during these behavioral adjustments.
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0.908 |
2014 — 2016 |
Cohen, Michael [⬀] |
F32Activity Code Description: To provide postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden their scientific background and extend their potential for research in specified health-related areas. |
Anatomical Constraints On Cognition and How They Develop @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human visual cognition is known to have strict capacity limitations: we can only perceive and remember a few items at a time. What is the nature of these limitations? For several years, researchers have attempted to answer this question using a variety of well-known behavioral paradigms (change blindness, inattentional blindness, etc.). While this work has produced a variety of important findings, surprisingly little work has been done to relate the capacity limits of perception and memory to the underlying neural architecture of the visual regions involved in representing visual objects (e.g ventral visual cortex). Several decades of neuroscience research have shown that high-level objects (e.g. faces, bodies, scenes, and objects) are represented in the ventral visual cortex by distinct neural networks that are often non-overlapping. Thus, it is natural to wonder if these dissociable neural structures correspond to distinct pools of cognitive resources. Recently, as part of my doctoral thesis, I found evidence in support of this idea by showing that people can store more information in visual working memory if that information comes from different categories (e.g. faces and scenes) rather than the same category (e.g. only faces). Moreover, the size of the benefit from presenting different categories was correlated with the extent to which the neural regions involved in representing those categories overlapped in ventral visual cortex. The goals of the proposed research are 1) to more thoroughly investigate the relationship between neural organization and perceptual abilities and 2) to examine how this relationship between anatomy and behavior develops. In Aim 1, we will first measure the representational structure of different regions within the visual system (e.g. occipitotemporal cortex, early visual cortex, etc.) in response to a wide range of stimulus categories (faces, bodies, phones, hammers, cats, etc.). Then we will see if performance with multiple perceptual tasks (e.g. object categorization and visual search) can be predicted by the organization of this structure. In Aim 2, we will repeat the same procedures as those in Aim 1, but will do so with adults and children ages 5-7. From this, we will ask if the representational structure of the visual system is the same in children and adults, and if that structure imposes the same constrain on perception across the two groups. This work will provide insight into the limitations of human cognition and shed light on how those limitations develop. Furthermore, understanding of the developmental time course of the visual system and its relation to behavior in children could serve as useful benchmarks that could be used in clinical settings to understand and diagnose children with developmental disorders that are known to affect the visual system (e.g. autism, dyslexia, etc.).
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0.907 |