2006 — 2007 |
Wang, Chunsheng |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Sger- Exploratory Research On An Oxide Ion and Proton Co-Ionic Conducting @ Tennessee Technological University
Abstract Proposal Title: SGER Exploratory Research on an Oxide Ion and Proton Co-Ionic Conducting Membrane for Fuel Cell Applications. Proposal Number: CTS-0620105 Principal Investigator: Chensheng Wang, Institution: Tennessee Technological University
The technical challenges for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are thermal and water management, CO tolerance, cost, and durability. This proposal addresses these challenges by integrating studies of a new co-ion conducting composite membrane containing oxide ion conductive ceramic (Bi4V2(1-x)Ti2xO(11-3x), x=0.05-0.1, abbreviated as BITIVOX)) particles and/or fibers within a proton conductive solid acid CsH2PO4. This SGER proposal requests funding for materials and supplies plus supports one student part time while the materials are synthesized.
The PI proposes to investigate the mechanism of co-ion conduction, and CO and direct methanol oxidation by oxide ions and oxygen reduction in such a surface implanted co-ion composite membrane will be assessed through systematic study of its compositions, structure and electrochemical performance. The uniqueness of the proposed research is to oxidize CO or methanol at the anode side of a fuel cell using an oxide ion, which is either transferred from the cathode side through the oxygen ionic conductive oxides in a proton conducting CsH2PO4 and/or directly exchanged from bleeding O2 into an oxide ion at the anode. Currently, there is a trend towards both decreasing solid oxide fuel cell operating temperature, while increasing that of the PEMFC. The co-ion fuel cells operating at 250oC are a new generation of fuel cells, which will combine the advantages of both SOFC and PEMFC. The unique idea of electrochemical oxidation of CO and methanol at the anode by oxide ion transferred from the cathode via oxide-ion-conducting ceramics and/or exchanged from bleeding O2 has opened a window for the development of a new generation of robust power systems.
This Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) seeks to prove that this novel composite membrane can be fabricated and that previous electrochemical results on the individual constituent fibers will in turn hold true for composite fiber mats. These BITIVOX mat-CsH2PO4 composite will be placed within a working fuel cell environment at temperatures up to 250C and subsequently tested for mechanical stability, electrochemical properties, and fuel cell performance. If successful, the PI anticipates that this SGER proposal will lead to a more detailed CAREER proposal where the composite fiber mat system would be modeled and characterized within a carefully crafted experimental and teaching plan.
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0.928 |
2009 — 2013 |
Wang, Chunsheng |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Novel Electroanalytical Techniques For Study of Phase Transformation Electrodes @ University of Maryland College Park
0933228 Wang
This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). Lithium ion batteries have been recognized as a critical technology to enable the advanced electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). An obstacle of the traditional Li-ion batteries to the EV/HEV applications is their low peak power. Recently, numbers of phase transformation materials (such as LiFePO4, Li4Ti5O12) have emerged as promising electrode materials for the EV/HEV applications because of their superior power output. However, the mechanism for such excellent performance is still not fully understood due to the lack of accurate electroanalytical techniques to study the kinetics of Li insertion/extraction in these materials. The existing electroanalytical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiostatic intermittent titration (PITT), galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), rely on the classic Fickian diffusion in a solid solution phase and thus are not valid for phase transformation electrodes. The lack of electroanalytical techniques for phase transformation electrodes has delayed the exploration of high-power rechargeable batteries. The recent breakthrough in mixed-control phase transformation theory achieved by the PI provides a unique opportunity to develop new electroanalytical technologies for phase transformation electrode materials. Different from the moving boundary phase transformation model assuming that the phase transformation is only controlled by Li-ion diffusion, the mixed-control phase transformation theory accounts not only the Li-ion diffusion, but also the phase-interface mobility that depends on the interface coherence, misfit strain/stress, deformations and defects. The objective of this research is to develop novel electroanalytical techniques by integrating the mixed-control phase transformation theory with GITT, PITT, EIS and CV techniques. The obtained novel electroanalytical techniques are going to be used to systematically investigate the relationships between the material properties (micro-structure, particle size and composition), phase transformation kinetics and the electrochemical performance. The existing high power electrode materials will be optimized and the next generation high power electrode materials will be developed. In the preliminary study, the PI has determined the interface mobility and the lithium diffusion coefficient in the two-phase region of two types of LiFePO4 using the mixed-control model. Determining the diffusion coefficient and the interface mobility in phase transformation electrode materials and obtaining fundamental understanding of the structure-property relationship are needed for developing next generation of high-power electrode materials. Intellectual Merit:
This research will provide techniques for electrochemical analysis of phase transformation in electrodes. The fundamental relationships between the material chemistry, structure, composition, phase transformation kinetics, and electrochemical properties of phase transformation electrodes will be investigated. New generation of high-power electrode materials will be created based on the findings of this research, which could accelerate the EV/HEV development. Although this research concentrates on electrode materials for Li-ion batteries, the electroanalytical techniques to be developed as part of this project can also be used for any ion-insertion electrodes including hydrogen, magnesium, and sodium storage materials. Broad Impacts
The knowledge created from this research could be applied to a broad range of applications, including nitriding, carburizing and carbonitriding processes in metals and alloys. This research will provide research opportunities and educational activities for both graduate and undergraduate students. Outreach activities will be extended to the public to raise the awareness of the future of energy technology. The application of high-power batteries in EV/HEVs could reduce the dependence on foreign oil, improve urban air quality, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The PI also plans to write scholarly reviewed articles and articles describing this research to non-specialist audiences.
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1 |
2012 — 2016 |
Wang, Chunsheng |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
All-Solid-State Interface-Free Li-Ion Batteries @ University of Maryland College Park
PI: Chunsheng Wang Proposal Number: CBET 1235719 Institution: University of Maryland College Park Title: All-solid-state Interface-free Li-ion Batteries
This research project aims to revolutionize the current concept of solid-state Li-ion battery fabricating a single continuous phase for the anode, electrolyte, and cathode, and thus, eliminating the highly resistive interfaces between the electrolyte and electrodes found in conventional solid-state Li-ion batteries. Advanced Li-ion battery technology will play a critical role in the realization of Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Electric Vehicles, and the increasingly critical field of renewable energy. Current solid-state Li-ion batteries have much lower energy and power densities than liquid electrolyte batteries due to the use of three different materials for the anode, the cathode, and the electrolyte causing high interfacial resistance between the solid electrolyte and the solid electrodes. This project focuses on three primary research thrusts (1) To understand the formation mechanism of interface-free solid-state Li-ion batteries, (2) To explore the effect of interface properties on solid-state Li-ion batteries, and (3) To discover the relationship between electrochemical performance, material structure, and material composition of potential material for fabricating high temperature solid-state Li-ion batteries.
The intellectual merit of the proposed research lies in exploring and overcoming the challenges associated with the electrode and electrolyte interfaces, which are the main contributing causes of the poor cycle life and low power density of current solid-state batteries. The elimination of such interfaces will enable the miniaturization of a solid-state Li-ion battery to a true nano-size power source, and allow Li-ion batteries to operate efficiently in high temperature environment due to their inherent safety merit. Understanding the relationship between performance and battery structure will enable strategic design of interface-free Li-ion batteries.
The success of this project will potentially lead to new Li-ion battery markets, and will have a profound impact on the electronic, automobile, and renewable energy industries. The proposed project will help train the scientific workforce for both academic communities and energy storage industries. This outreach will provide a broader horizon for academic success in a region well-poised to contribute to the diversity of the scientific workforce.
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1 |
2014 — 2017 |
Wang, Chunsheng |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Fundamental Understanding of Ionic Insertion/Extraction Mechanism of Organic Electrodes @ University of Maryland College Park
Title: Collaborative Research: Fundamental Understanding of Ionic Insertion/Extraction Mechanism on Organic Electrodes
Collaborative:
Principal Investigator: Huixin He (Lead) Number: 1438493 Institution: Rutgers University - Newark
Principal Investigator: Chunsheng Wang Number: 1438198 Institution: University of Maryland, College Park
There is a strong need to develop batteries for storage of electricity that are inexpensive and use sustainable materials. Rechargeable batteries based on organic materials such as crystalline salts of croconic acid are potentially inexpensive and can be fabricated from sustainable resources, but suffer from low power and eventual failure after many re-charging cycles. The goal of this project is to develop a fundamental understanding of ion movement during the charging cycle in these materials. This information can then be used to rationally design organic batteries with improved energy capacity and long cycle life. The approach will make use of advanced techniques for synthesis and performance characterization of organic nanowire batteries that will be complimented by powerful molecular models to predict ion movement. An interdisciplinary team from two universities will be involved in this research effort. The interdisciplinary nature of this research will provide students at both the graduate and undergraduate levels with training in the high-tech fields electrochemical energy systems, nanotechnology, and computational modeling. To broaden participation, activities include an outreach program to provide high school students with a summer research experience, and a workshop for science teachers on sustainable energy topics from school districts in low-income areas of New Jersey.
Technical Description
Organic materials for electrochemical energy storage are potentially inexpensive and can be fabricated from sustainable resources, but suffer from low energy density and cycling failure. The potential to overcome these limitations has not been realized, due in part to an incomplete knowledge of ion insertion/extraction processes within the organic materials. The overall goal of this project is to develop a fundamental understanding of the ion insertion and extraction mechanism by elucidating the relationships for the thermodynamics and kinetics of ion insertion/extraction processes for lithium, magnesium, and sodium ions. These relationships will be obtained through density functional theory (DFT) and molecular modeling, in situ electrochemical characterization measurements, and characterization of organic crystal structures. This will approach will be complimented by synthesis and mechanical strain evolution measurements of crystalline croconic acid disodium salt nanowires of controlled size and shape. The fundamental understanding gained from this research can potentially enable the rational design organic materials ordered at the nanoscale and microscale for sustainable organic batteries with high energy density and long cycle life. An interdisciplinary team from two universities will be involved in this research effort. The interdisciplinary nature of this research will provide students at both the graduate and undergraduate levels with training in electrochemical energy systems, nanotechnology, and computational modeling. To broaden participation, activities include an outreach program to provide high school students with a summer research experience, and a workshop for science teachers on sustainable energy topics from school districts in low-income areas of New Jersey.
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1 |
2016 — 2019 |
Wang, Yuhuang [⬀] Sita, Lawrence (co-PI) [⬀] Hu, Liangbing (co-PI) [⬀] Wang, Chunsheng Reutt-Robey, Janice (co-PI) [⬀] |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Mri: Acquisition of a Shared Atomic Force Microscope System @ University of Maryland College Park
With this award from the Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) and Chemistry Research Infrastructure and Facilities programs, Professor YuHuang Wang from the University of Maryland College Park and colleagues Janice Reutt-Robey, Lawrence Sita, Chunsheng Wang and Liangbing Hu have acquired an atomic force microscope system. In an AFM a laser beam is directed to a surface by means of a cantilever and tip. As the cantilever is displaced by interacting with the surface, a reflection of the laser beam is displayed on a detector (photodiode). In this way an image of the surface can be created with the aid of an electronic system. In general, an AFM has three major abilities: force measurement, imaging, and manipulation. The microscope is an important tool in the investigation of the surfaces of materials. It is used in fundamental and applied research to study morphology of surfaces, surface imaging and functionalization, electrical, magnetic, chemical and mechanical properties of surfaces. This knowledge enables advances in developing better materials in fields such as nanoscience and energy science. The instrument is used in the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students preparing them for technical careers and opportunities for advanced education.
The proposal is aimed at enhancing research and education at all levels, especially in: (a) studying nanoparticle transport and internalization at model interfaces, (b) probing quantum defects in low-dimensional carbon materials, (c) mapping peak current and peak force of carbon nanoparticles in covetics, (d) imaging small circuits on glass, (e) studying living polymerization and direct assembly of precision polyolefins, (f) assessing the integrity and stability of xeolite membranes, (g) understanding and tailoring designing of solid state interphases for nanostructured silicon electrodes and (h) studying solid electrode interface formation, structure and evolution of molybdenum disulfide.
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1 |
2017 — 2020 |
Sita, Lawrence (co-PI) [⬀] Isaacs, Lyle [⬀] Rodriguez, Efrain (co-PI) [⬀] Liu, Dongxia (co-PI) [⬀] Wang, Chunsheng |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Mri: Acquisition of An Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) Spectrometer With Solid-State Capabilities For Shared Use At the University of Maryland @ University of Maryland College Park
This award is supported by the Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) and the Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities (CRIF) Programs. Professor Lyle Isaacs from University of Maryland College Park and colleagues Lawrence Sita, Chunsheng Wang, Dongxia Liu and Efrain Rodriguez are acquiring a 500 MHz solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. An NMR spectometer measures the magnetic properties of atoms when molecules are exposed to various frequencies of light. These signals identify the atoms present in the compound. This spectrometer probes the properties of solid materials, including batteries, polymers, catalysts and biomolecules. The NMR is used by chemists, engineers and their students working on interdisciplinary research in materials, nanoscience, catalysis and energy science. The instrument is the first solid-state NMR at the University of Maryland. It is a resource available to other institutions in the region and a valuable instrument to train students in NMR techniques preparing them for their later careers in academia or industry.
This NMR spectrometer enhances research and education at all levels. The infrastructure acquisition impacts the preparation of cucurbit[n]urils, studies of intermetalloid clusters, and the self-assembly of ionophores and hydrogels. The instrumentation is also used to study catalytic metal-mediated small molecule fixation and to carry out carbon-hydrogen bond activation with oxygen as direct oxidant. The spectrometer is useful for preparing new catalysts from zeolite materials, for probing structures in superconducting solids and for studying electrochemical energy storage.
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1 |