Timothy Filley - Publications

Affiliations: 
Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States 
Area:
Biogeochemistry, Soil Science Agriculture, Microbiology Biology

77 high-probability publications. We are testing a new system for linking publications to authors. You can help! If you notice any inaccuracies, please sign in and mark papers as correct or incorrect matches. If you identify any major omissions or other inaccuracies in the publication list, please let us know.

Year Citation  Score
2024 MacLeod GR, Richmond DS, Filley TR. Invasive Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) larvae alter structure and carbon distribution in infested surface soil. The Science of the Total Environment. 918: 170687. PMID 38320711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170687  0.484
2023 Hou T, Blair NE, Papanicolaou ANT, Filley TR. Storm pulse responses of fluvial organic carbon to seasonal source supply and transport controls in a midwestern agricultural watershed. The Science of the Total Environment. 869: 161647. PMID 36669670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161647  0.34
2020 Jin X, Gall AR, Saeed MF, Li S, Filley T, Wang J. Plastic film mulching and nitrogen fertilization enhance the conversion of newly-added maize straw to water-soluble organic carbon Soil and Tillage Research. 197: 104527. DOI: 10.1016/J.Still.2019.104527  0.54
2020 Li M, Foster EJ, Le PV, Yan Q, Stumpf A, Hou T, Papanicolaou A(, Wacha KM, Wilson CG, Wang J, Kumar P, Filley T. A new dynamic wetness index (DWI) predicts soil moisture persistence and correlates with key indicators of surface soil geochemistry Geoderma. 368: 114239. DOI: 10.1016/J.Geoderma.2020.114239  0.505
2019 LI Z, WANG D, DAI H, WANG X, LIANG S, XU J, YANG J, WANG L, CHEN S, DEMETRIADES A, KOPAČKOVÁ V, SAVIN I, HOWARD DA, FILLEY T, GENG X. Background and Research Prospect of Geo‐ecological Survey and Monitor in the Critical Zone of Black Soil Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 93: 126-129. DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.14265  0.31
2019 Yan Q, Le PVV, Woo DK, Hou T, Filley T, Kumar P. Three‐Dimensional Modeling of the Coevolution of Landscape and Soil Organic Carbon Water Resources Research. 55: 1218-1241. DOI: 10.1029/2018Wr023634  0.48
2019 Ma Y, McCormick MK, Szlavecz K, Filley TR. Controls on soil organic carbon stability and temperature sensitivity with increased aboveground litter input in deciduous forests of different forest ages Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 134: 90-99. DOI: 10.1016/J.Soilbio.2019.03.020  0.664
2019 Ding X, Zhang B, Wei Z, He H, Filley TR. Conversion of grassland into cropland affects microbial residue carbon retention in both surface and subsurface soils of a temperate agroecosystem Biology and Fertility of Soils. 56: 137-143. DOI: 10.1007/s00374-019-01400-8  0.433
2018 Szlavecz K, Chang CH, Bernard MJ, Pitz SL, Xia L, Ma Y, McCormick MK, Filley T, Yarwood SA, Yesilonis ID, Csuzdi C. Litter quality, dispersal and invasion drive earthworm community dynamics and forest soil development. Oecologia. PMID 29948315 DOI: 10.1007/S00442-018-4205-4  0.613
2018 Gibson C, Hatton P, Bird J, Nadelhoffer K, Ward C, Stark R, Filley T. Interacting Controls of Pyrolysis Temperature and Plant Taxa on the Degradability of PyOM in Fire-Prone Northern Temperate Forest Soil Soil Systems. 2: 48. DOI: 10.3390/SOILSYSTEMS2030048  0.477
2018 Gibson C, Hatton P, Bird JA, Nadelhoffer K, Le Moine J, Filley T. Tree taxa and pyrolysis temperature interact to control pyrogenic organic matter induced native soil organic carbon priming Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 119: 174-183. DOI: 10.1016/J.Soilbio.2018.01.022  0.559
2018 Hou T, Berry TD, Singh S, Hughes MN, Tong Y, Thanos Papanicolaou A, Wacha KM, Wilson CG, Chaubey I, Filley TR. Control of tillage disturbance on the chemistry and proportion of raindrop-liberated particles from soil aggregates Geoderma. 330: 19-29. DOI: 10.1016/J.Geoderma.2018.05.013  0.387
2018 Jin X, An T, Gall AR, Li S, Filley T, Wang J. Enhanced conversion of newly-added maize straw to soil microbial biomass C under plastic film mulching and organic manure management Geoderma. 313: 154-162. DOI: 10.1016/J.Geoderma.2017.10.036  0.536
2018 Kumar P, Le PV, Papanicolaou AT, Rhoads BL, Anders AM, Stumpf A, Wilson CG, Bettis EA, Blair N, Ward AS, Filley T, Lin H, Keefer L, Keefer DA, Lin Y, et al. Critical transition in critical zone of intensively managed landscapes Anthropocene. 22: 10-19. DOI: 10.1016/J.Ancene.2018.04.002  0.398
2017 de Oliveira Silva A, Camberato JJ, Coram T, Filley T, Vyn TJ. Applicability of a "Multi-Stage Pulse Labeling" (15)N Approach to Phenotype N Dynamics in Maize Plant Components during the Growing Season. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8: 1360. PMID 28824689 DOI: 10.3389/Fpls.2017.01360  0.318
2017 Wang R, Gibson CD, Berry TD, Jiang Y, Bird JA, Filley TR. Photooxidation of pyrogenic organic matter reduces its reactive, labile C pool and the apparent soil oxidative microbial enzyme response Geoderma. 293: 10-18. DOI: 10.1016/J.GEODERMA.2017.01.011  0.428
2017 Ding X, Qiao Y, Filley T, Wang H, Lü X, Zhang B, Wang J. Long-term changes in land use impact the accumulation of microbial residues in the particle-size fractions of a Mollisol Biology and Fertility of Soils. 53: 281-286. DOI: 10.1007/S00374-017-1179-Z  0.559
2016 Gibson C, Berry TD, Wang R, Spencer JA, Johnston CT, Jiang Y, Bird JA, Filley TR. Weathering of pyrogenic organic matter induces fungal oxidative enzyme response in single culture inoculation experiments. Organic Geochemistry. 92: 32-41. PMID 29657346 DOI: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.12.003  0.475
2016 Berry TD, Filley TR, Clavijo AP, Bischoff Gray M, Turco RF. Degradation and Microbial Uptake of C60 Fullerols in Contrasting Agricultural Soils. Environmental Science & Technology. PMID 28024122 DOI: 10.1021/Acs.Est.6B04637  0.505
2016 Baskaran M, Bianchi TS, Filley TR. Inconsistencies between C and short-lived radionuclides-based sediment accumulation rates: Effects of long-term remineralization. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 174: 10-16. PMID 27613199 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jenvrad.2016.07.028  0.547
2016 Rose C, Polissar PJ, Tierney JE, Filley T, deMenocal PB. Changes in northeast African hydrology and vegetation associated with Pliocene-Pleistocene sapropel cycles. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 371. PMID 27298473 DOI: 10.1098/Rstb.2015.0243  0.392
2016 Chang CH, Szlavecz K, Filley T, Buyer JS, Bernard MJ, Pitz SL. Belowground competition among invading detritivores. Ecology. 97: 160-70. PMID 27008785 DOI: 10.1890/15-0551.1  0.406
2016 Berry TD, Clavijo AP, Zhao Y, Jafvert CT, Turco RF, Filley TR. Soil microbial response to photo-degraded C60 fullerenes. Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). 211: 338-345. PMID 26774781 DOI: 10.1016/J.Envpol.2015.12.025  0.496
2016 Liu Y, Wang P, Li L, Cheng K, Zheng J, Filley T, Zhang X, Zheng J, Pan G. Accumulation of physically protected organic carbon promoted biological activity in macro-aggregates of rice soils under long term rice cultivation Biogeosciences Discussions. 1-59. DOI: 10.5194/Bg-2016-40  0.492
2016 Liu Y, Wang P, Ding Y, Lu H, Li L, Cheng K, Zheng J, Filley T, Zhang X, Zheng J, Pan G. Microbial activity promoted with organic carbon accumulation in macroaggregates of paddy soils under long-term rice cultivation Biogeosciences. 13: 6565-6586. DOI: 10.5194/Bg-13-6565-2016  0.543
2016 Zhang D, Yan M, Niu Y, Liu X, van Zwieten L, Chen D, Bian R, Cheng K, Li L, Joseph S, Zheng J, Zhang X, Crowley D, Filley TR, Pan G. Is current biochar research addressing global soil constraints for sustainable agriculture? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 226: 25-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.04.010  0.34
2016 DeMarco J, Filley T, Throop HL. Patterns of woody plant-derived soil carbon losses and persistence after brush management in a semi-arid grassland Plant and Soil. 406: 277-293. DOI: 10.1007/S11104-016-2880-7  0.545
2016 Creamer CA, Filley TR, Boutton TW, Rowe HI. Grassland to woodland transitions: Dynamic response of microbial community structure and carbon use patterns Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences. 121: 1675-1688. DOI: 10.1002/2016Jg003347  0.795
2015 Wang R, Dorodnikov M, Yang S, Zhang Y, Filley TR, Turco RF, Xu Z, Li H, Jiang Y. Responses of enzymatic activities within soil aggregates to 9-year nitrogen and water addition in a semi-arid grassland Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 81: 159-167. DOI: 10.1016/J.Soilbio.2014.11.015  0.443
2015 Wu N, Filley TR, Bai E, Han S, Jiang P. Incipient changes of lignin and substituted fatty acids under N addition in a Chinese forest soil Organic Geochemistry. 79: 14-20. DOI: 10.1016/J.Orggeochem.2014.12.001  0.492
2015 Papanicolaou AN, Wacha KM, Abban BK, Wilson CG, Hatfield JL, Stanier CO, Filley TR. From soilscapes to landscapes: A landscape-oriented approach to simulate soil organic carbon dynamics in intensively managed landscapes Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences. 120: 2375-2401. DOI: 10.1002/2015Jg003078  0.427
2014 Top SM, Filley TR. Effects of elevated CO2 on the extractable amino acids of leaf litter and fine roots. The New Phytologist. 202: 1257-66. PMID 24635834 DOI: 10.1111/Nph.12762  0.746
2014 Aronson RB, Hilbun NL, Bianchi TS, Filley TR, McKee BA. Land use, water quality, and the history of coral assemblages at Bocas del Toro, Panamá Marine Ecology Progress Series. 504: 159-170. DOI: 10.3354/Meps10765  0.489
2014 Hopkins FM, Filley TR, Gleixner G, Lange M, Top SM, Trumbore SE. Increased belowground carbon inputs and warming promote loss ofsoil organic carbon through complementary microbial responses Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 76: 57-69. DOI: 10.1016/J.Soilbio.2014.04.028  0.775
2014 Ma Y, Filley TR, Szlavecz K, McCormick MK. Controls on wood and leaf litter incorporation into soil fractions in forests at different successional stages Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 69: 212-222. DOI: 10.1016/J.Soilbio.2013.10.043  0.639
2014 Routh J, Hugelius G, Kuhry P, Filley T, Tillman PK, Becher M, Crill P. Multi-proxy study of soil organic matter dynamics in permafrost peat deposits reveal vulnerability to climate change in the European Russian Arctic Chemical Geology. 368: 104-117. DOI: 10.1016/J.Chemgeo.2013.12.022  0.553
2014 Wang R, Filley TR, Xu Z, Wang X, Li M, Zhang Y, Luo W, Jiang Y. Coupled response of soil carbon and nitrogen pools and enzyme activities to nitrogen and water addition in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia Plant and Soil. 381: 323-336. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-014-2129-2  0.384
2013 Creamer CA, Filley TR, Boutton TW. Long-term incubations of size and density separated soil fractions to inform soil organic carbon decay dynamics Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 57: 496-503. DOI: 10.1016/J.Soilbio.2012.09.007  0.783
2013 Samanta A, Bera MK, Ghosh R, Bera S, Filley T, Pande K, Rathore SS, Rai J, Sarkar A. Do the large carbon isotopic excursions in terrestrial organic matter across Paleocene-Eocene boundary in India indicate intensification of tropical precipitation? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 387: 91-103. DOI: 10.1016/J.Palaeo.2013.07.008  0.418
2013 Ma Y, Filley TR, Johnston CT, Crow SE, Szlavecz K, McCormick MK. The combined controls of land use legacy and earthworm activity on soil organic matter chemistry and particle association during afforestation Organic Geochemistry. 58: 56-68. DOI: 10.1016/J.Orggeochem.2013.02.010  0.689
2013 Creamer CA, Filley TR, Olk DC, Stott DE, Dooling V, Boutton TW. Changes to soil organic N dynamics with leguminous woody plant encroachment into grasslands Biogeochemistry. 113: 307-321. DOI: 10.1007/S10533-012-9757-5  0.776
2012 Zhang B, He H, Ding X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Yang X, Filley TR. Soil microbial community dynamics over a maize (Zea mays L.) growing season under conventional- and no-tillage practices in a rainfed agroecosystem Soil and Tillage Research. 124: 153-160. DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2012.05.011  0.305
2012 Thomas DC, Zak DR, Filley TR. Chronic N deposition does not apparently alter the biochemical composition of forest floor and soil organic matter Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 54: 7-13. DOI: 10.1016/J.SOILBIO.2012.05.010  0.404
2012 Creamer CA, Filley TR, Olk DC, Plante A, Peltre C, Top SM, Boutton TW. Degree of woody encroachment into grasslands controls soil carbohydrate and amino compound changes during long term laboratory incubation Organic Geochemistry. 52: 23-31. DOI: 10.1016/J.Orggeochem.2012.08.005  0.745
2012 Mason SL, Filley TR, Abbott GD. A comparative study of the molecular composition of a grassland soil with adjacent unforested and afforested moorland ecosystems Organic Geochemistry. 42: 1519-1528. DOI: 10.1016/J.ORGGEOCHEM.2010.11.003  0.389
2011 Kleber M, Nico PS, Plante A, Filley T, Kramer M, Swanston C, Sollins P. Old and stable soil organic matter is not necessarily chemically recalcitrant: Implications for modeling concepts and temperature sensitivity Global Change Biology. 17: 1097-1107. DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2486.2010.02278.X  0.593
2011 Szlavecz K, McCormick M, Xia L, Saunders J, Morcol T, Whigham D, Filley T, Csuzdi C. Ecosystem effects of non-native earthworms in Mid-Atlantic deciduous forests Biological Invasions. 13: 1165-1182. DOI: 10.1007/S10530-011-9959-0  0.422
2011 Bianchi TS, Wysocki LA, Schreiner KM, Filley TR, Corbett DR, Kolker AS. Sources of Terrestrial Organic Carbon in the Mississippi Plume Region: Evidence for the Importance of Coastal Marsh Inputs Aquatic Geochemistry. 17: 431-456. DOI: 10.1007/S10498-010-9110-3  0.602
2009 Schreiner KM, Filley TR, Blanchette RA, Bowen BB, Bolskar RD, Hockaday WC, Masiello CA, Raebiger JW. White-rot basidiomycete-mediated decomposition of C60 fullerol. Environmental Science & Technology. 43: 3162-8. PMID 19534129 DOI: 10.1021/Es801873Q  0.764
2009 Olk D, Anders M, Filley T, Isbell C. Crop Nitrogen Uptake and Soil Phenols Accumulation under Continuous Rice Cropping in Arkansas Soil Science Society of America Journal. 73: 952-960. DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2008.0069  0.401
2009 Crow SE, Lajtha K, Filley TR, Swanston CW, Bowden RD, Caldwell BA. Sources of plant-derived carbon and stability of organic matter in soil: Implications for global change Global Change Biology. 15: 2003-2019. DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2486.2009.01850.X  0.524
2009 Castañeda IS, Werne JP, Johnson TC, Filley TR. Late Quaternary vegetation history of southeast Africa: The molecular isotopic record from Lake Malawi Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 275: 100-112. DOI: 10.1016/J.Palaeo.2009.02.008  0.42
2009 Mason SL, Filley TR, Abbott GD. The effect of afforestation on the soil organic carbon (SOC) of a peaty gley soil using on-line thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM) in the presence of 13C-labelled tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 85: 417-425. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2008.11.005  0.477
2009 Sollins P, Kramer MG, Swanston C, Lajtha K, Filley T, Aufdenkampe AK, Wagai R, Bowden RD. Sequential density fractionation across soils of contrasting mineralogy: Evidence for both microbial- and mineral-controlled soil organic matter stabilization Biogeochemistry. 96: 209-231. DOI: 10.1007/S10533-009-9359-Z  0.459
2009 Crow SE, Filley TR, McCormick M, Szlávecz K, Stott DE, Gamblin D, Conyers G. Earthworms, stand age, and species composition interact to influence particulate organic matter chemistry during forest succession Biogeochemistry. 92: 61-82. DOI: 10.1007/S10533-008-9260-1  0.385
2009 Jurgens JA, Blanchette RA, Filley TR. Fungal diversity and deterioration in mummified woods from the ad Astra Ice Cap region in the Canadian High Arctic Polar Biology. 32: 751-758. DOI: 10.1007/S00300-008-0578-X  0.366
2008 Geib SM, Filley TR, Hatcher PG, Hoover K, Carlson JE, Jimenez-Gasco MDM, Nakagawa-Izumi A, Sleighter RL, Tien M. Lignin degradation in wood-feeding insects Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105: 12932-12937. PMID 18725643 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.0805257105  0.438
2008 Olchin GP, Ogle S, Frey SD, Filley TR, Paustian K, Six J. Residue carbon stabilization in soil aggregates of no-till and tillage management of dryland cropping systems Soil Science Society of America Journal. 72: 507-513. DOI: 10.2136/Sssaj2006.0417  0.412
2008 Lockwood AL, Filley TR, Rhodes D, Shepson PB. Foliar uptake of atmospheric organic nitrates Geophysical Research Letters. 35. DOI: 10.1029/2008Gl034714  0.387
2008 Filley TR, Boutton TW, Liao JD, Jastrow JD, Gamblin DE. Chemical changes to nonaggregated particulate soil organic matter following grassland-to-woodland transition in a subtropical savanna Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 113. DOI: 10.1029/2007Jg000564  0.505
2008 Filley TR, McCormick MK, Crow SE, Szlavecz K, Whigham DF, Johnston CT, van den Heuvel RN. Comparison of the chemical alteration trajectory of Liriodendron tulipifera L. leaf litter among forests with different earthworm abundance Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 113. DOI: 10.1029/2007Jg000542  0.376
2008 Wysocki LA, Filley TR, Bianchi TS. Comparison of two methods for the analysis of lignin in marine sediments: CuO oxidation versus tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis Organic Geochemistry. 39: 1454-1461. DOI: 10.1016/J.Orggeochem.2008.06.004  0.541
2008 Nierop KG, Filley TR. Simultaneous analysis of tannin and lignin signatures in soils by thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation using 13C-labeled TMAH Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 83: 227-231. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2008.07.004  0.365
2007 Nierop KG, Filley TR. Assessment of lignin and (poly-)phenol transformations in oak (Quercus robur) dominated soils by 13C-TMAH thermochemolysis Organic Geochemistry. 38: 551-565. DOI: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.12.007  0.406
2007 Bianchi TS, Wysocki LA, Stewart M, Filley TR, McKee BA. Temporal variability in terrestrially-derived sources of particulate organic carbon in the lower Mississippi River and its upper tributaries Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta. 71: 4425-4437. DOI: 10.1016/J.Gca.2007.07.011  0.616
2007 Dalzell BJ, Filley TR, Harbor JM. The role of hydrology in annual organic carbon loads and terrestrial organic matter export from a midwestern agricultural watershed Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta. 71: 1448-1462. DOI: 10.1016/J.Gca.2006.12.009  0.363
2006 Filley T, Boutton T. Ecosystems in flux: Molecular and stable isotope assessments of soil organic matter storage and dynamics Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 38: 3181-3183. DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.05.006  0.411
2006 Sollins P, Swanston C, Kleber M, Filley T, Kramer M, Crow S, Caldwell BA, Lajtha K, Bowden R. Organic C and N stabilization in a forest soil: Evidence from sequential density fractionation Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 38: 3313-3324. DOI: 10.1016/J.Soilbio.2006.04.014  0.474
2005 Dalzell BJ, Filley TR, Harbor JM. Flood pulse influences on terrestrial organic matter export from an agricultural watershed Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 110: n/a-n/a. DOI: 10.1029/2005Jg000043  0.452
2004 Bianchi TS, Filley T, Dria K, Hatcher PG. Temporal variability in sources of dissolved organic carbon in the lower Mississippi River Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta. 68: 959-967. DOI: 10.1016/J.Gca.2003.07.011  0.775
2002 Filley TR, Cody GD, Goodell B, Jellison J, Noser C, Ostrofsky A. Lignin demethylation and polysaccharide decomposition in spruce sapwood degraded by brown rot fungi Organic Geochemistry. 33: 111-124. DOI: 10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00144-9  0.386
2002 Filley TR, Freeman KH, Wilkin RT, Hatcher PG. Biogeochemical controls on reaction of sedimentary organic matter and aqueous sulfides in holocene sediments of Mud Lake, Florida Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta. 66: 937-954. DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00829-8  0.673
2001 Filley TR, Freeman KH, Bianchi TS, Baskaran M, Colarusso LA, Hatcher PG. An isotopic biogeochemical assessment of shifts in organic matter input to Holocene sediments from Mud Lake, Florida Organic Geochemistry. 32: 1153-1167. DOI: 10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00063-8  0.75
2000 Filley TR, Hatcher PG, Shortle WC, Praseuth RT. The application of 13C-labeled tetramethylammonium hydroxide (13C-TMAH) thermochemolysis to the study of fungal degradation of wood Organic Geochemistry. 31: 181-198. DOI: 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00159-X  0.605
1999 Filley TR, Minard RD, Hatcher PG. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis: Proposed mechanisms based upon the application of 13C-labeled TMAH to a synthetic model lignin dimer Organic Geochemistry. 30: 607-621. DOI: 10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00040-6  0.442
1997 Filley TR, Filley RM, Eser S, Freeman KH. Compound-Specific Isotope Analyses of Products from Carbonization of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Decant Oil Doped with13C-Enriched 4-Methyldibenzothiophene Energy & Fuels. 11: 637-646. DOI: 10.1021/Ef960150O  0.556
1996 Filley TR, Freeman KH, Hatcher PG. Carbon isotope relationships between sulfide-bound steroids and proposed functionalized lipid precursors in sediments from the Santa Barbara Basin, California Organic Geochemistry. 25: 367-377. DOI: 10.1016/S0146-6380(96)00142-8  0.629
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