James J. Heckman - Publications

Affiliations: 
1973- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 
Area:
selective samples, longitudinal data,labor market, income distribution
Website:
http://jenni.uchicago.edu/

225 high-probability publications. We are testing a new system for linking publications to authors. You can help! If you notice any inaccuracies, please sign in and mark papers as correct or incorrect matches. If you identify any major omissions or other inaccuracies in the publication list, please let us know.

Year Citation  Score
2020 García JL, Heckman JJ. Early childhood education and life-cycle health. Health Economics. PMID 32885902 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4148  0.31
2020 Garca JL, Walker JE, Heckman JJ, Leaf DE, Schaeffer LD, Prados MJ. Quantifying the Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early-Childhood Program. The Journal of Political Economy. 128: 2502-2541. PMID 32616965 DOI: 10.1086/705718  0.394
2020 Heckman JJ, Liu B, Lu M, Zhou J. Treatment Effects and the Measurement of Skills in a Prototypical Home Visiting Program National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W27356  0.369
2019 Chen Y, Feng S, Heckman JJ, Kautz T. Sensitivity of self-reported noncognitive skills to survey administration conditions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PMID 31888989 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.1910731117  0.317
2019 García JL, Heckman JJ, Ziff AL. Early childhood education and crime. Infant Mental Health Journal. 40: 141-151. PMID 30625242 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21759  0.362
2019 Heckman JJ, Jagelka T, Kautz TD. Some Contributions of Economics to the Study of Personality National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W26459  0.336
2019 Heckman JJ, Karapakula G. Intergenerational and Intragenerational Externalities of the Perry Preschool Project National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W25889  0.311
2019 Heckman JJ, Karapakula G. The Perry Preschoolers at Late Midlife: A Study in Design-Specific Inference National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W25888  0.382
2019 Heckman JJ. The race between demand and supply: Tinbergen's pioneering studies of earnings inequality Economist-Netherlands. 167: 243-258. DOI: 10.3386/W25415  0.333
2018 García JL, Heckman JJ, Ziff AL. Gender Differences in the Benefits of an Influential Early Childhood Program. European Economic Review. 109: 9-22. PMID 30410186 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.06.009  0.358
2018 Heckman JJ, Humphries JE, Veramendi G. Returns to Education: The Causal Effects of Education on Earnings, Health, and Smoking. The Journal of Political Economy. 126: S197-S246. PMID 30344340 DOI: 10.1086/698760  0.354
2018 Heckman JJ, Biroli P, Boca DD, Heckman LP, Koh YK, Kuperman S, Moktan S, Pronzato CD, Ziff AL. Evaluation of the Reggio Approach to Early Education. Research in Economics = Ricerche Economiche. 72: 1-32. PMID 30034211 DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2017.05.006  0.35
2018 Heckman JJ, Humphries JE, Veramendi G. The Nonmarket Benefits of Education and Ability. Journal of Human Capital. 12: 282-304. PMID 29963217 DOI: 10.1086/697535  0.341
2018 Heckman JJ, Feng S. China's Investments in Skills Frontiers of Economics in China. 13: 531-558. DOI: 10.3868/S060-007-018-0025-5  0.32
2018 Heckman JJ, Lazear EP, Murphy KM. Gary Becker Remembered Journal of Political Economy. 126: 1-6. DOI: 10.1086/698751  0.55
2017 Heckman JJ, García JL. Social Policy: Targeting programs effectively. Nature Human Behaviour. 1. PMID 28649666 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-016-0019  0.334
2017 Landersø R, Heckman JJ. The Scandinavian Fantasy: The Sources of Intergenerational Mobility in Denmark and the US. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics. 119: 178-230. PMID 28649168 DOI: 10.1111/sjoe.12219  0.315
2017 Hai R, Heckman JJ. Inequality in Human Capital and Endogenous Credit Constraints. Review of Economic Dynamics. 25: 4-36. PMID 28642641 DOI: 10.1016/j.red.2017.01.001  0.38
2017 Heckman JJ, Holland ML, Makino KK, Pinto R, Rosales-Rueda M. An Analysis of the Memphis Nurse-Family Partnership Program National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W23610  0.334
2017 García JL, Heckman JJ, Leaf DE, Prados MJ. Quantifying the Life-Cycle Benefits of a Prototypical Early Childhood Program National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W23479  0.381
2017 Doyle O, Harmon C, Heckman JJ, Logue C, Moon SH. Early skill formation and the efficiency of parental investment: A randomized controlled trial of home visiting Labour Economics. 45: 40-58. DOI: 10.1016/J.Labeco.2016.11.002  0.554
2016 Cunha F, Heckman J. Decomposing Trends in Inequality in Earnings into Forecastable and Uncertain Components. Journal of Labor Economics. 34: s31-s65. PMID 27087741 DOI: 10.1086/684121  0.307
2016 Heckman JJ, Humphries JE, Veramendi G. Dynamic Treatment Effects. Journal of Econometrics. 191: 276-292. PMID 27041793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.12.001  0.395
2016 Heckman JJ, Raut LK. Intergenerational Long-Term Effects of Preschool - Structural Estimates from a Discrete Dynamic Programming Model. Journal of Econometrics. 191: 164-175. PMID 26709326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.10.001  0.431
2015 Eisenhauer P, Heckman JJ, Vytlacil E. The Generalized Roy Model and the Cost-Benefit Analysis of Social Programs. The Journal of Political Economy. 123: 413-443. PMID 26709315 DOI: 10.1086/679498  0.716
2015 Heckman JJ. Gary Becker: Model Economic Scientist. The American Economic Review. 105: 74-79. PMID 26705367 DOI: 10.1257/aer.p20151106  0.3
2015 Eisenhauer P, Heckman JJ, Mosso S. Estimation of Dynamic Discrete Choice Models by Maximum Likelihood and the Simulated Method of Moments. International Economic Review. 56: 331-357. PMID 26494926 DOI: 10.1111/iere.12107  0.342
2015 Heckman JJ. Introduction to A Theory of the Allocation of Time by Gary Becker. Economic Journal (London, England). 125: 403-409. PMID 26074623 DOI: 10.1111/ecoj.12228  0.32
2015 Heckman J, Pinto R. Causal Analysis After Haavelmo. Econometric Theory. 31: 115-151. PMID 25729123 DOI: 10.1017/S026646661400022X  0.322
2015 Heckman J, Pinto R. Econometric Mediation Analyses: Identifying the Sources of Treatment Effects from Experimentally Estimated Production Technologies with Unmeasured and Mismeasured Inputs. Econometric Reviews. 34: 6-31. PMID 25400327 DOI: 10.1080/07474938.2014.944466  0.301
2015 Heckman JJ, Serletis A. Introduction to Econometrics with Theory: A Special Issue Honoring William A. Barnett Econometric Reviews. 34: 1-5. DOI: 10.1080/07474938.2014.944465  0.3
2014 Heckman JJ, Mosso S. The Economics of Human Development and Social Mobility. Annual Review of Economics. 6: 689-733. PMID 25346785 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-080213-040753  0.336
2014 Gertler P, Heckman J, Pinto R, Zanolini A, Vermeersch C, Walker S, Chang SM, Grantham-McGregor S. Labor market returns to an early childhood stimulation intervention in Jamaica. Science (New York, N.Y.). 344: 998-1001. PMID 24876490 DOI: 10.1126/Science.1251178  0.762
2014 Campbell F, Conti G, Heckman JJ, Moon SH, Pinto R, Pungello E, Pan Y. Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health. Science (New York, N.Y.). 343: 1478-85. PMID 24675955 DOI: 10.1126/Science.1248429  0.545
2014 Heckman JJ, Lopes HF, Piatek R. TREATMENT EFFECTS: A BAYESIAN PERSPECTIVE. Econometric Reviews. 33. PMID 24187431 DOI: 10.1080/07474938.2013.807103  0.341
2014 Heckman JJ, Humphries JE, Veramendi G, Urzúa S. Education, Health and Wages National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W19971  0.409
2014 Kautz T, Heckman JJ, Diris R, Weel Bt, Borghans L. Fostering and Measuring Skills: Improving Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills to Promote Lifetime Success National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.1787/5Jxsr7Vr78F7-En  0.361
2014 Heckman JJ, Serletis A. Introduction to internally consistent modeling, aggregation, inference, and policy Journal of Econometrics. 183: 1-4. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jeconom.2014.06.005  0.342
2013 Heckman J, Pinto R, Savelyev P. Understanding the Mechanisms Through Which an Influential Early Childhood Program Boosted Adult Outcomes. The American Economic Review. 103: 2052-2086. PMID 24634518 DOI: 10.1257/aer.103.6.2052  0.341
2013 Doyle O, Harmon CP, Heckman JJ, Logue C, Moon SH. Measuring Investment in Human Capital Formation: An Experimental Analysis of Early Life Outcomes National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W19316  0.582
2013 Gertler PJ, Heckman JJ, Pinto RR, Zanolini A, Vermeersch C, Walker S, Chang S, Grantham-McGregor S. Labor Market Returns to Early Childhood Stimulation: A 20-Year Followup to an Experimental Intervention in Jamaica National Bureau of Economic Research. 1-63. DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6529  0.765
2013 Heckman J, Pinto R, Savelyev P. Understanding the mechanisms through which an influential early childhood program boosted adult outcomes American Economic Review. 103: 2052-2086. DOI: 10.1257/aer.103.6.2052  0.772
2012 Heckman JJ, Humphries JE, Lafontaine PA, Rodríguez PL. Taking the Easy Way Out: How the GED Testing Program Induces Students to Drop Out. Journal of Labor Economics. 30: 495-520. PMID 24634564 DOI: 10.1086/664924  0.341
2012 Heckman JJ, Kautz T. Hard evidence on soft skills. Labour Economics. 19: 451-464. PMID 23559694 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2012.05.014  0.367
2011 Carneiro P, Heckman JJ, Vytlacil E. Estimating Marginal Returns to Education. The American Economic Review. 101: 2754-2781. PMID 25110355 DOI: 10.1257/Aer.101.6.2754  0.801
2011 Heckman JJ. The Assumptions Underlying Evaluation Estimators Brazilian Review of Econometrics. 30: 369. DOI: 10.12660/bre.v30n22010.3688  0.349
2011 Ferguson E, Heckman JJ, Corr P. Personality and economics: Overview and proposed framework Personality and Individual Differences. 51: 201-209. DOI: 10.1016/J.Paid.2011.03.030  0.305
2010 Conti G, Heckman J, Urzua S. THE EDUCATION-HEALTH GRADIENT. The American Economic Review. 100: 234-238. PMID 24741117 DOI: 10.1257/aer.100.2.234  0.327
2010 Heckman J, Moon SH, Pinto R, Savelyev P, Yavitz A. Analyzing social experiments as implemented: A reexamination of the evidence from the HighScope Perry Preschool Program. Quantitative Economics. 1: 1-46. PMID 23255883 DOI: 10.3982/Qe8  0.597
2010 Heckman JJ, Moon SH, Pinto R, Savelyev PA, Yavitz A. The Rate of Return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program. Journal of Public Economics. 94: 114-128. PMID 21804653 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jpubeco.2009.11.001  0.806
2010 Heckman JJ. Building Bridges Between Structural and Program Evaluation Approaches to Evaluating Policy. Journal of Economic Literature. 48: 356-398. PMID 21743749 DOI: 10.1257/jel.48.2.356  0.323
2010 Conti G, Heckman JJ. Understanding the Early Origins of the Education-Health Gradient: A Framework That Can Also Be Applied to Analyze Gene-Environment Interactions. Perspectives On Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association For Psychological Science. 5: 585-605. PMID 21738556 DOI: 10.1177/1745691610383502  0.309
2010 Heckman JJ, Schmierer D. Tests of Hypotheses Arising In the Correlated Random Coefficient Model. Economic Modelling. 27: 1355-1367. PMID 21170148 DOI: 10.1016/J.Econmod.2010.07.019  0.773
2010 Heckman JJ, Schmierer D, Urzua S. Testing the Correlated Random Coefficient Model. Journal of Econometrics. 158: 177-203. PMID 21057649 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jeconom.2010.01.005  0.795
2010 Heckman JJ, Lafontaine PA. THE AMERICAN HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION RATE: TRENDS AND LEVELS. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 92: 244-262. PMID 20625528 DOI: 10.1162/rest.2010.12366  0.327
2010 Cunha F, Heckman J, Schennach S. Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation. Econometrica : Journal of the Econometric Society. 78: 883-931. PMID 20563300 DOI: 10.3982/Ecta6551  0.336
2010 Heckman JJ, Urzúa S. Comparing IV With Structural Models: What Simple IV Can and Cannot Identify. Journal of Econometrics. 156: 27-37. PMID 20440375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.09.006  0.355
2010 Carneiro P, Heckman JJ, Vytlacil E. Evaluating Marginal Policy Changes and the Average Effect of Treatment for Individuals at the Margin. Econometrica : Journal of the Econometric Society. 78: 377-394. PMID 20209119 DOI: 10.3982/Ecta7089  0.787
2010 Heckman J, Moon SH, Pinto R, Savelyev P, Yavitz A. Analyzing social experiments as implemented: A reexamination of the evidence from the highscope perry preschool program Quantitative Economics. 1: 1-46. DOI: 10.3982/QE8  0.783
2010 Heckman JJ, Matzkin RL, Nesheim L. Nonparametric identification and estimation of nonadditive hedonic models Econometrica. 78: 1569-1591. DOI: 10.3982/Ecta6388  0.349
2010 Heckman JJ, Moon SH, Pinto R, Savelyev P, Yavitz A. A new cost-benefit and rate of return analysis for the perry preschool program: A summary Childhood Programs and Practices in the First Decade of Life: a Human Capital Integration. 366-380. DOI: 10.1017/Cbo9780511762666.020  0.781
2010 Heckman JJ, Moon SH, Pinto R, Savelyev PA, Yavitz A. The rate of return to the HighScope Perry Preschool Program Journal of Public Economics. 94: 114-128. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.11.001  0.778
2009 Heckman JJ, Todd PE. A Note on Adapting Propensity Score Matching and Selection Models to Choice Based Samples. The Econometrics Journal. 12: S230-S234. PMID 20694053 DOI: 10.1111/J.1368-423X.2008.00269.X  0.649
2009 Cunha F, Heckman JJ. The Economics and Psychology of Inequality and Human Development. Journal of the European Economic Association. 7: 320-364. PMID 20209045 DOI: 10.1162/Jeea.2009.7.2-3.320  0.304
2009 Doyle O, Harmon CP, Heckman JJ, Tremblay RE. Investing in early human development: timing and economic efficiency. Economics and Human Biology. 7: 1-6. PMID 19213617 DOI: 10.1016/J.Ehb.2009.01.002  0.321
2008 Florens JP, Heckman JJ, Meghir C, Vytlacil E. Identification of treatment effects using control functions in models with continuous, endogenous treatment and heterogeneous effects Econometrica. 76: 1191-1206. DOI: 10.3982/Ecta5317  0.686
2008 Cunha F, Heckman JJ. Formulating, identifying and estimating the technology of cognitive and noncognitive skill formation Journal of Human Resources. 43: 738-782. DOI: 10.3368/jhr.43.4.738  0.332
2008 Heckman JJ. The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators with an Application to Matching Annals of Economics and Statistics. 9-73. DOI: 10.2307/27917237  0.323
2008 Heckman JJ, Urzua S, Vytlacil E. Instrumental Variables in Models with Multiple Outcomes: The General Unordered Case Annals of Economics and Statistics. 151-174. DOI: 10.1111/J.0042-7092.2007.00700.X  0.728
2008 Milken M, Becker G, Heckman J, Klein L, North D. Beyond the Dot.com Crash New Perspectives Quarterly. 18: 42-44. DOI: 10.1111/0893-7850.00420  0.518
2008 Cunha F, Heckman J. A new framework for the analysis of inequality Macroeconomic Dynamics. 12: 315-354. DOI: 10.1017/S136510050807034X  0.337
2007 Basu A, Heckman JJ, Navarro-Lozano S, Urzua S. Use of instrumental variables in the presence of heterogeneity and self-selection: an application to treatments of breast cancer patients. Health Economics. 16: 1133-57. PMID 17910109 DOI: 10.1002/hec.1291  0.33
2007 Cunha F, Heckman JJ. The Evolution of Inequality, Heterogeneity and Uncertainty in Labor Earnings in the U.S. Economy National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.2139/Ssrn.1021319  0.36
2007 Cunha F, Heckman JJ, Navarro S. The identification and economic content of ordered choice models with stochastic thresholds International Economic Review. 48: 1273-1309. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2354.2007.00462.x  0.332
2007 Abbring JH, Heckman JJ. Chapter 72 Econometric Evaluation of Social Programs, Part III: Distributional Treatment Effects, Dynamic Treatment Effects, Dynamic Discrete Choice, and General Equilibrium Policy Evaluation Handbook of Econometrics. 6: 5145-5303. DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4412(07)06072-2  0.37
2007 Heckman JJ, Vytlacil EJ. Chapter 71 Econometric Evaluation of Social Programs, Part II: Using the Marginal Treatment Effect to Organize Alternative Econometric Estimators to Evaluate Social Programs, and to Forecast their Effects in New Environments Handbook of Econometrics. 6: 4875-5143. DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4412(07)06071-0  0.732
2007 Heckman JJ, Vytlacil EJ. Chapter 70 Econometric Evaluation of Social Programs, Part I: Causal Models, Structural Models and Econometric Policy Evaluation Handbook of Econometrics. 6: 4779-4874. DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4412(07)06070-9  0.734
2007 Cunha F, Heckman JJ. Identifying and Estimating the Distributions of Ex Post and Ex Ante Returns to Schooling Labour Economics. 14: 870-893. DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2007.06.002  0.383
2007 Heckman JJ, Navarro S. Dynamic discrete choice and dynamic treatment effects Journal of Econometrics. 136: 341-396. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2005.11.002  0.311
2006 Knudsen EI, Heckman JJ, Cameron JL, Shonkoff JP. Economic, neurobiological, and behavioral perspectives on building America's future workforce. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103: 10155-62. PMID 16801553 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.0600888103  0.325
2006 Heckman JJ, Urzua S, Vytlacil E. Understanding instrumental variables in models with essential heterogeneity Review of Economics and Statistics. 88: 389-432. DOI: 10.1162/Rest.88.3.389  0.72
2006 Chevalier A, Finn C, Harmon C, Heckman J. The microeconomics of early child investment Journal of Children's Services. 1: 18-30. DOI: 10.1108/17466660200600011  0.346
2006 Heckman JJ, Stixrud J, Urzua S. The effects of cognitive and noncognitive abilities on labor market outcomes and social behavior Journal of Labor Economics. 24: 411-482. DOI: 10.1086/504455  0.76
2006 Heckman JJ, LaFontaine PA. Bias-corrected estimates of GED returns Journal of Labor Economics. 24: 661-700. DOI: 10.1086/504278  0.372
2006 Heckman JJ, Lochner LJ, Todd PE. Chapter 7 Earnings Functions, Rates of Return and Treatment Effects: The Mincer Equation and Beyond Handbook of the Economics of Education. 1: 307-458. DOI: 10.1016/S1574-0692(06)01007-5  0.609
2005 Heckman JJ, Lochner LJ, Todd PE. Earnings Functions, Rates of Return and Treatment Effects: The Mincer Equation and Beyond National Bureau of Economic Research. 1: 307-458. DOI: 10.3386/W11544  0.705
2005 Cunha F, Heckman JJ, Lochner LJ, Masterov DV. Interpreting the Evidence on Life Cycle Skill Formation National Bureau of Economic Research. 1: 697-812. DOI: 10.3386/W11331  0.306
2005 Heckman JJ, Masterov DV. Allander Series: Skill Policies for Scotland National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W11032  0.376
2005 Heckman JJ, Lochner L, Taber C. Human Capital Formation and General Equilibrium Treatment Effects: A Study of Tax and Tuition Policy Fiscal Studies. 20: 25-40. DOI: 10.1111/J.1475-5890.1999.Tb00002.X  0.7
2005 Heckman JJ, Vytlacil E. Structural equations, treatment effects, and econometric policy evaluation Econometrica. 73: 669-738. DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-0262.2005.00594.X  0.714
2005 Heckman JJ. Rejoinder: Response to Sobel Sociological Methodology. 35: 135-162. DOI: 10.1111/J.0081-1750.2006.00165.X  0.327
2005 Carneiro P, Heckman JJ, Masterov DV. Labor market discrimination and racial differences in premarket factors Journal of Law and Economics. 48: 1-39. DOI: 10.1086/426878  0.677
2005 Aakvik A, Heckman JJ, Vytlacil EJ. Estimating treatment effects for discrete outcomes when responses to treatment vary: An application to Norwegian vocational rehabilitation programs Journal of Econometrics. 125: 15-51. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jeconom.2004.04.002  0.722
2005 Heckman JJ. China's human capital investment China Economic Review. 16: 50-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2004.06.012  0.346
2004 Heckman JJ. Micro Data, Heterogeneity and the Evaluation of Public Policy Part 1 The American Economist. 48: 3-25. DOI: 10.1177/056943450404800201  0.34
2004 Heckman J, Navarro-Lozano S. Using matching, instrumental variables, and control functions to estimate economic choice models Review of Economics and Statistics. 86: 30-57. DOI: 10.1162/003465304323023660  0.332
2004 Heckman JJ, Li X. Selection Bias, Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Returns to Education: Evidence from China in 2000 Pacific Economic Review. 9: 155-171. DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-0106.2004.00242.X  0.392
2004 Heckman JJ, Smith JA. The Determinants of Participation in a Social Program: Evidence from a Prototypical Job Training Program Journal of Labor Economics. 22: 243-298. DOI: 10.1086/381250  0.333
2004 Hansen KT, Heckman JJ, Mullen KJ. The effect of schooling and ability on achievement test scores Journal of Econometrics. 121: 39-98. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jeconom.2003.10.011  0.335
2003 Heckman JJ, Matzkin RL, Nesheim L. Simulation and Estimation of Nonaddative Hedonic Models National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W9895  0.35
2003 Heckman JJ, Li X. Selection Bias, Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Returns to Education National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W9877  0.393
2003 Heckman JJ, Lochner LJ, Todd PE. Fifty Years of Mincer Earnings Regressions National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W9732  0.712
2003 Carneiro PM, Hansen KT, Heckman JJ. Estimating Distributions of Treatment Effects with an Application to the Returns to Schooling and Measurement of the Effects of Uncertainty on College National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W9546  0.702
2003 Carneiro PM, Heckman JJ. Human Capital Policy National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W9495  0.672
2003 Heckman J, Tobias JL, Vytlacil E. Simple estimators for treatment parameters in a latent-variable framework Review of Economics and Statistics. 85: 748-755. DOI: 10.1162/003465303322369867  0.705
2003 Carneiro P, Hansen KT, Heckman JJ. Estimating distributions of treatment effects with an application to the returns to schooling and measurement of the effects of uncertainty on college choice International Economic Review. 44: 361-422. DOI: 10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00074  0.425
2003 Heckman JJ. China's investment in human capital Economic Development and Cultural Change. 51: 795-822. DOI: 10.1086/378050  0.334
2003 Heckman JJ. The supply side of the race between demand and supply: Policies to foster skill in the modern economy Economist. 151: 1-34. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022970121410  0.382
2002 Carneiro PM, Hansen KT, Heckman JJ. Removing the Veil of Ignorance in Assessing the Distributional Impacts of Social Policies Economic and Policy Review. DOI: 10.3386/W8840  0.683
2002 Donohue JJ, Heckman JJ, Todd PE. The Schooling of Southern Blacks: The Roles of Legal Activism and Private Philanthropy, 1910-1960 Quarterly Journal of Economics. 117: 225-268. DOI: 10.2139/Ssrn.232549  0.666
2002 Florens J, Heckman JJ, Meghir C, Vytlacil E. Instrumental variables, local instrumental variables and control functions Econometrica. DOI: 10.1920/Wp.Cem.2002.1502  0.683
2002 Ekeland I, Heckman JJ, Nesheim LP. Identification and Estimation of Hedonic Models Journal of Political Economy. 112: 60-109. DOI: 10.1920/Wp.Cem.2002.0702  0.378
2002 Ekeland I, Heckman JJ, Nesheim L. Identifying Hedonic Models The American Economic Review. 92: 304-309. DOI: 10.1920/Wp.Cem.2002.0602  0.372
2002 Carneiro P, Heckman JJ. The evidence on credit constraints in post-secondary schooling Economic Journal. 112: 705-734. DOI: 10.1111/1468-0297.00075  0.678
2002 Heckman JJ, Lochner L, Cossa R. Learning-by-Doing Vs. On-the-Job Training: Using Variation Induced by the EITC to Distinguish between Models of Skill Formation National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.1017/Cbo9780511493447.004  0.323
2001 Heckman J, Tobias JL, Vytlacil E. Four Parameters of Interest in the Evaluation of Social Programs Southern Economic Journal. 68: 210. DOI: 10.2307/1061591  0.728
2001 Heckman JJ, Rubinstein Y. The Importance of Noncognitive Skills: Lessons from the GED Testing Program American Economic Review. 91: 145-149. DOI: 10.1257/Aer.91.2.145  0.37
2001 Heckman JJ, Vytlacil E. Policy-Relevant Treatment Effects American Economic Review. 91: 107-111. DOI: 10.1257/Aer.91.2.107  0.722
2001 Heckman J, Vytlacil E. Identifying the role of cognitive ability in explaining the level of and change in the return to schooling Review of Economics and Statistics. 83: 1-12. DOI: 10.1162/003465301750159993  0.704
2001 Heckman JJ. Accounting for Heterogeneity, Diversity and General Equilibrium in Evaluating Social Programmes The Economic Journal. 111: 654-699. DOI: 10.1111/1468-0297.00667  0.336
2001 Heckman JJ. Micro data, heterogeneity, and the evaluation of public policy: Nobel lecture Journal of Political Economy. 109: 673-748. DOI: 10.1086/322086  0.334
2001 Cameron SV, Heckman JJ. The dynamics of educational attainment for black, Hispanic, and white males Journal of Political Economy. 109: 455-499. DOI: 10.1086/321014  0.303
2001 Heckman J, Todd P. SESSION 1A: RACIAL INEQUALITY AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS Sources of African-American Economic Progress in the Labor Market in the Twentieth Century The Journal of Economic History. 61: 517-517. DOI: 10.1017/S0022050701218117  0.644
2001 Cawley J, Heckman J, Vytlacil E. Three observations on wages and measured cognitive ability Labour Economics. 8: 419-442. DOI: 10.1016/S0927-5371(01)00039-2  0.695
2001 Heckman JJ. Econometrics and empirical economics Journal of Econometrics. 100: 3-5. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4076(00)00044-0  0.311
2000 Heckman JJ, Tobias JL, Vytlacil E. Simple Estimators for Treatment Parameters in a Latent Variable Framework with an Application to Estimating the Returns to Schooling National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W7950  0.721
2000 Heckman JJ, Pages C. The Cost of Job Security Regulation: Evidence from Latin American Labor Markets National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.2139/Ssrn.1817230  0.302
2000 Heckman JJ, Lyons TM, Todd PE. Understanding Black–White Wage Differentials: 1960–1990 American Economic Review. 90: 344-349. DOI: 10.1257/Aer.90.2.344  0.637
2000 Heckman J, Hohmann N, Smith J, Khoo M. Substitution and Dropout Bias in Social Experiments: A Study of an Influential Social Experiment The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 115: 651-694. DOI: 10.1162/003355300554764  0.763
2000 Heckman JJ. Causal Parameters and Policy Analysis in Economics: A Twentieth Century Retrospective Quarterly Journal of Economics. 115: 45-97. DOI: 10.1162/003355300554674  0.329
2000 Heckman JJ, Vytlacil EJ. The relationship between treatment parameters within a latent variable framework Economics Letters. 66: 33-39. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1765(99)00181-0  0.704
2000 Heckman JJ. Policies to foster human capital Research in Economics. 54: 1-48. DOI: 10.1006/reec.1999.0225  0.327
1999 Heckman JJ, Vytlacil EJ. Local instrumental variables and latent variable models for identifying and bounding treatment effects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96: 4730-4. PMID 10200330 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.96.8.4730  0.689
1999 Heckman JJ, Smith JA. The Pre-Program Earnings Dip and the Determinants of Participation in a Social Program: Implications for Simple Program Evaluation Strategies National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W6983  0.399
1999 Heckman JJ, Lochner L, Taber C. General Equilibrium Cost Benefit Analysis of Education and Tax Policies National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W6881  0.742
1999 Heckman JJ. Instrumental Variables: Response to Angrist and Imbens The Journal of Human Resources. 34: 828. DOI: 10.2307/146419  0.321
1999 Cawley J, Heckman J, Vytlacil E. On Policies to Reward the Value Added by Educators Review of Economics and Statistics. 81: 720-727. DOI: 10.1162/003465399558436  0.693
1999 Heckman JJ, Smith JA. The Pre‐programme Earnings Dip and the Determinants of Participation in a Social Programme. Implications for Simple Programme Evaluation Strategies The Economic Journal. 109: 313-348. DOI: 10.1111/1468-0297.00451  0.392
1999 Cawley J, Heckman J, Vytlacil E. Meritocracy in America: Wages Within and Across Occupations Industrial Relations. 38: 250-296. DOI: 10.1111/0019-8676.00130  0.691
1999 Browning M, Hansen LP, Heckman JJ. Chapter 8 Micro data and general equilibrium models Handbook of Macroeconomics. 1: 543-633. DOI: 10.1016/S1574-0048(99)01011-3  0.345
1999 Heckman JJ, Lalonde RJ, Smith JA. The Economics and Econometrics of Active Labor Market Programs Handbook of Labor Economics. 3: 1865-2097. DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4463(99)03012-6  0.415
1998 Heckman JJ, Smith JA. Evaluating the Welfare State National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W6542  0.375
1998 Heckman JJ, Lochner L, Taber C. Tax Policy and Human Capital Formation The American Economic Review. 88: 293-297. DOI: 10.3386/W6462  0.723
1998 Cawley J, Heckman JJ, Vytlacil E. Meritocracy in America: An Examination of Wages within and Across Occupations National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W6446  0.692
1998 Heckman JJ, Lochner L, Taber C. General Equilibrium Treatment Effects: A Study of Tuition Policy The American Economic Review. 88: 381-386. DOI: 10.3386/W6426  0.738
1998 Donohue JJ, Heckman JJ, Todd P. Social Action, Private Choice, and Philanthropy: Understanding the Sources of Improvements in Black Schooling in Georgia, 1911-1960 National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W6418  0.671
1998 Cameron SV, Heckman JJ. Life Cycle Schooling and Dynamic Selection Bias: Models and Evidence for Five Cohorts National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W6385  0.382
1998 Heckman J, Ichimura H, Smith J, Todd P. Characterizing Selection Bias Using Experimental Data Econometrica. 66: 1017. DOI: 10.2307/2999630  0.711
1998 Heckman J, Vytlacil E. Instrumental Variables Methods for the Correlated Random Coefficient Model: Estimating the Average Rate of Return to Schooling When the Return is Correlated with Schooling The Journal of Human Resources. 33: 974. DOI: 10.2307/146405  0.715
1998 Heckman J. Addendum to "Instrumental Variables: A Study of Implicit Assumptions Used in Making Program Evaluations" The Journal of Human Resources. 33: 247. DOI: 10.2307/146321  0.333
1998 Cawley J, Heckman JJ, Vytlacil E. Understanding the Role of Cognitive Ability in Accounting for the Recent Rise in the Economic Return to Education National Bureau of Economic Research. 230-266. DOI: 10.1515/9780691190334-011  0.702
1998 Heckman J, Smith J, Taber C. Accounting for Dropouts in Evaluations of Social Programs Review of Economics and Statistics. 80: 1-14. DOI: 10.1162/003465398557203  0.741
1998 Heckman JJ. What should be our human capital investment policy Fiscal Studies. 19: 103-119. DOI: 10.1111/J.1475-5890.1998.Tb00279.X  0.308
1998 Heckman JJ, Ichimura H, Todd P. Matching As An Econometric Evaluation Estimator Review of Economic Studies. 65: 261-294. DOI: 10.1111/1467-937X.00044  0.674
1998 Cameron S, Heckman J. Life Cycle Schooling and Dynamic Selection Bias: Models and Evidence for Five Cohorts of American Males Journal of Political Economy. 106: 262-333. DOI: 10.1086/250010  0.378
1998 Heckman JJ, Lochner L, Taber C. Explaining Rising Wage Inequality: Explorations with a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model of Labor Earnings with Heterogeneous Agents Review of Economic Dynamics. 1: 1-58. DOI: 10.1006/Redy.1997.0008  0.745
1997 Heckman JJ, Smith JA. The Sensitivity of Experimental Impact Estimates: Evidence from the National Jtpa Study National Bureau of Economic Research. 331-356. DOI: 10.7208/9780226056845-009  0.355
1997 Heckman JJ, Jr. JMS. Linear Probability Models of the Demand for Attributes with an Empirical Application to Estimating the Preferences of Legislators The Rand Journal of Economics. 28: S142. DOI: 10.2307/3087459  0.364
1997 Heckman JJ, Ichimura H, Todd PE. Matching As An Econometric Evaluation Estimator: Evidence from Evaluating a Job Training Programme The Review of Economic Studies. 64: 605-654. DOI: 10.2307/2971733  0.695
1997 Heckman JJ, Smith J, Clements N. Making The Most Out Of Programme Evaluations and Social Experiments: Accounting For Heterogeneity in Programme Impacts The Review of Economic Studies. 64: 487-535. DOI: 10.2307/2971729  0.358
1997 Heckman J. Instrumental Variables: A Study of Implicit Behavioral Assumptions Used in Making Program Evaluations The Journal of Human Resources. 32: 441. DOI: 10.2307/146178  0.4
1996 Heckman JJ, Ichimura H, Smith J, Todd P. Sources of selection bias in evaluating social programs: an interpretation of conventional measures and evidence on the effectiveness of matching as a program evaluation method. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93: 13416-20. PMID 8917606 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.93.23.13416  0.699
1996 Heckman JJ, Smith JA, Taber C. What Do Bureaucrats Do? The Effects of Performance Standards and Bureaucratic Preferences on Acceptance into the Jtpa Program National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W5535  0.716
1996 Heckman J, Layne-Farrar A, Todd P. Human Capital Pricing Equations with an Application to Estimating the Effect of Schooling Quality on Earnings The Review of Economics and Statistics. 78: 562. DOI: 10.2307/2109948  0.695
1996 Heckman JJ. Randomization as an Instrumental Variable The Review of Economics and Statistics. 78: 336. DOI: 10.2307/2109936  0.326
1996 Devine TJ, Heckman JJ. The Economics of Eligibility Rules for a Social Program: A Study of the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA)--A Summary Report The Canadian Journal of Economics. 29: S99. DOI: 10.2307/135968  0.36
1996 Hansen LP, Heckman JJ. The Empirical Foundations of Calibration Journal of Economic Perspectives. 10: 87-104. DOI: 10.1257/JEP.10.1.87  0.327
1996 Cawley J, Conneely K, Heckman JJ, Vytlacil E. Cognitive Ability, Wages, and Meritocracy National Bureau of Economic Research. 179-192. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-0669-9_8  0.676
1995 Heckman JJ, Layne-Farrar A, Todd P. The Schooling Quality-Earnings Relationship: Using Economic Theory to Interpret Functional Forms Consistent with the Evidence National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W5288  0.692
1995 Heckman JJ, Layne-Farrar A, Todd P. Does Measured School Quality Really Matter? An Examination of the Earnings-Quality Relationship National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W5274  0.681
1995 Heckman JJ, Smith JA. Assessing the Case for Social Experiments Journal of Economic Perspectives. 9: 85-110. DOI: 10.1257/jep.9.2.85  0.363
1994 Heckman JJ, Taber CR. Econometric mixture models and more general models for unobservables in duration analysis. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. 3: 279-99. PMID 7820296 DOI: 10.1177/096228029400300306  0.706
1993 Heckman JJ. Assessing Clinton's Program on Job Training, Workfare, and Education in the Workplace National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W4428  0.375
1993 Cameron SV, Heckman JJ. Determinants of Young Male Schooling and Training Choices National Bureau of Economic Research. 201-232. DOI: 10.3386/W4327  0.333
1993 Cameron SV, Heckman JJ. The Nonequivalence of High School Equivalents Journal of Labor Economics. 11: 1-47. DOI: 10.1086/298316  0.342
1992 Heckman JJ, Philipson TJ. Evaluating an Argument for Affirmative Action Rationality and Society. 4: 360-364. DOI: 10.1177/1043463192004003008  0.52
1991 Donohue JJ, Heckman JJ. Continuous versus Episodic Change: The Impact of Civil Rights Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks Journal of Economic Literature. 29: 1603-1643. DOI: 10.3386/W3894  0.335
1990 Heckman JJ, Walker JR. The relationship between wages and income and the timing and spacing of births: evidence from Swedish longitudinal data. Econometrica : Journal of the Econometric Society. 58: 1,411-41. PMID 12343324 DOI: 10.2307/2938322  0.315
1990 Heckman JJ, Walker JR. The third birth in Sweden. Journal of Population Economics. 3: 235-75. PMID 12283653 DOI: 10.1007/BF00179336  0.357
1990 Heckman JJ, Walker JR. Estimating fecundability from data on waiting times to first conception. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 85: 283-94. PMID 12155385 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1990.10476200  0.318
1990 Heckman JJ, Honore BE. The Empirical Content of the Roy Model Econometrica. 58: 1121. DOI: 10.2307/2938303  0.717
1990 Aaron HJ, Gramlich EM, Hanushek EA, Heckman JJ, Wildavsky A, Haveman RH, Nathan RP. Social Science Research and Policy The Journal of Human Resources. 25: 275. DOI: 10.2307/145758  0.302
1990 Heckman JJ, Sedlacek GL. Self-Selection and the Distribution of Hourly Wages Journal of Labor Economics. 8: S329-S363. DOI: 10.1086/298253  0.333
1990 Heckman JJ, Robb R, Walker JR. Testing the mixture of exponentials hypothesis and estimating the mixing distribution by the method of moments Journal of the American Statistical Association. 85: 582-589. DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1990.10476239  0.307
1989 Heckman JJ, Walker JR. Forecasting aggregate period-specific birth rates: the time series properties of a microdynamic neoclassical model of fertility. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 84: 958-65. PMID 12155384 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1989.10478859  0.339
1989 Heckman JJ. The Impact of Government on the Economic Status of Black Americans National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W2860  0.363
1989 Heckman JJ, Payner BS. Determining the Impact of Federal Antidiscrimination Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks: a Study of South Carolina The American Economic Review. 79: 138-177. DOI: 10.3386/W2854  0.367
1989 Heckman JJ, Honoré BE. The identifiability of the competing risks model Biometrika. 76: 325-330. DOI: 10.1093/Biomet/76.2.325  0.69
1989 Heckman JJ, Hotz VJ. Choosing among alternative nonexperimental methods for estimating the impact of social programs: The case of manpower training Journal of the American Statistical Association. 84: 862-874. DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1989.10478848  0.394
1988 Evans DS, Heckman JJ. Rejoinder—Natural Monopoly and the Bell System: Response to Charnes, Cooper and Sueyoshi Management Science. 34: 27-38. DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.34.1.27  0.353
1988 Heckman JJ, MaCurdy TE. Empirical tests of labor-market equilibrium: An evaluation Carnegie-Rochester Confer. Series On Public Policy. 28: 231-258. DOI: 10.1016/0167-2231(88)90025-5  0.603
1987 Heckman J, Scheinkman J. The Importance of Bundling in a Gorman-Lancaster Model of Earnings Review of Economic Studies. 54: 243-255. DOI: 10.2307/2297514  0.355
1987 Heckman JJ, Hotz VJ, Dabos M. Do We Need Experimental Data To Evaluate the Impact of Manpower Training On Earnings? Evaluation Review. 11: 395-427. DOI: 10.1177/0193841X8701100402  0.397
1986 Heckman JJ, Hotz VJ. An Investigation of the Labor Market Earnings of Panamanian Males Evaluating the Sources of Inequality The Journal of Human Resources. 21: 507. DOI: 10.2307/145765  0.352
1986 Heckman JJ, Macurdy TE. Chapter 32 Labor econometrics Handbook of Econometrics. 3: 1917-1977. DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4412(86)03012-X  0.639
1986 Heckman JJ, Singer B. Chapter 29 Econometric analysis of longitudinal data Handbook of Econometrics. 3: 1689-1763. DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4412(86)03009-X  0.389
1986 Chetty VK, Heckman JJ. A dynamic model of aggregate output supply, factor demand and entry and exit for a competitive industry with heterogeneous plants Journal of Econometrics. 33: 237-262. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4076(86)90035-7  0.319
1985 Heckman JJ, Leamer EE. Handbook of Econometrics The Economic Journal. 4: 794. DOI: 10.2307/2233046  0.394
1985 Heckman J. The X^2 Goodness of Fit Test for Models with Parameters Estimated from Microdata Econometrica. 53: 994. DOI: 10.2307/1912668  0.302
1985 Heckman JJ, Macurdy TE. A Simultaneous Equations Linear Probability Model The Canadian Journal of Economics. 18: 28. DOI: 10.2307/135111  0.555
1985 Heckman JJ. Longitudinal Analysis of Labor Market Data Journal of the American Statistical Association. 82: 355. DOI: 10.1017/Ccol0521304539  0.373
1985 Heckman JJ, Robb R. Alternative methods for evaluating the impact of interventions Journal of Econometrics. 30: 239-267. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4076(85)90139-3  0.327
1984 Heckman J, Singer B. The identifiability of the proportional hazard model Review of Economic Studies. 51: 231-241. DOI: 10.2307/2297689  0.309
1984 Heckman JJ. The X^2 Goodness of Fit Statistic for Models with Paramaters Estimated from Microdata Econometrica. 52: 1543. DOI: 10.2307/1911744  0.316
1984 Heckman J, Singer B. A Method for Minimizing the Impact of Distributional Assumptions in Econometric Models for Duration Data Econometrica. 52: 271. DOI: 10.2307/1911491  0.372
1983 Flinn CJ, Heckman JJ. Are Unemployment and Out of the Labor Force Behaviorally Distinct Labor Force States? Journal of Labor Economics. 1: 28-42. DOI: 10.1086/298002  0.63
1982 Heckman JJ, MaCurdy TE. New Methods for Estimating Labor Supply Functions: A Survey National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W0858  0.609
1982 Flinn CJ, Heckman JJ. Models for the Analysis of Labor Force Dynamics National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W0857  0.371
1982 Flinn CJ, Heckman JJ. New Methods for Analyzing Individual Event Histories Sociological Methodology. 13: 99. DOI: 10.2307/270719  0.644
1982 Heckman JJ, MaCurdy T. Corrigendum on A Life Cycle Model of Female Labour Supply Review of Economic Studies. 49: 659-660. DOI: 10.2307/2297295  0.61
1982 Flinn C, Heckman J. New methods for analyzing structural models of labor force dynamics Journal of Econometrics. 18: 115-168. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4076(82)90097-5  0.68
1980 Heckman JJ, Borjas GJ. Does Unemployment Cause Future Unemployment? Definitions, Questions and Answers from a Continuous Time Model of Heterogeneity and State Dependence Economica. 47: 247. DOI: 10.2307/2553150  0.304
1980 Heckman JJ, Macurdy TE. A Life Cycle Model of Female Labour Supply The Review of Economic Studies. 47: 47. DOI: 10.2307/2297103  0.555
1979 Heckman JJ. Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error Econometrica. 47: 153. DOI: 10.2307/1912352  0.302
1978 Borjas GJ, Heckman JJ. Labor Supply Estimates For Public Policy Evaluation National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W0299  0.377
1978 Heckman JJ. Dummy Endogenous Variables in a Simultaneous Equation System Econometrica. 46: 931-959. DOI: 10.2307/1909757  0.317
1977 Butler RJ, Heckman JJ. The Government's Impact on the Labor Market Status of Black Americans: A Critical Review National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W0183  0.35
1977 Heckman JJ. Dummy Endogenous Variables in a Simultaneous Equation System National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W0177  0.315
1977 Heckman JJ. Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error (with an Application to the Estimation of Labor Supply Functions) National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W0172  0.334
1976 Heckman JJ, Wolpin KI. Does the Contract Compliance Program Work? An Analysis of Chicago Data Industrial and Labor Relations Review. 29: 544-564. DOI: 10.1177/001979397602900402  0.34
1974 Ashenfelter O, Heckman JJ. Measuring the Effect of an Anti-Discrimination Program National Bureau of Economic Research. DOI: 10.3386/W0050  0.621
1974 Heckman JJ, Willis RJ. Estimation of a Stochastic Model of Reproduction: An Econometric Approach National Bureau of Economic Research. 99-146. DOI: 10.3386/W0034  0.327
1974 Ashenfelter O, Heckman JJ. The Estimation of Income and Substitution Effects in a Model of Family Labor Supply Econometrica. 42: 73-85. DOI: 10.2307/1913686  0.617
1974 Heckman JJ. Effects of Child-Care Programs on Women's Work Effort Journal of Political Economy. 82: 136-169. DOI: 10.1086/260297  0.383
1974 Heckman J, Polachek S. Empirical evidence on the functional form of the earnings-schooling relationship Journal of the American Statistical Association. 69: 350-354. DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1974.10482952  0.307
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