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The funding information displayed below comes from the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools and the NSF Award Database.The grant data on this page is limited to grants awarded in the United States and is thus partial. It can nonetheless be used to understand how funding patterns influence mentorship networks and vice-versa, which has deep implications on how research is done.
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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Eldar Shafir is the likely recipient of the following grants.Years | Recipients | Code | Title / Keywords | Matching score |
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1990 — 1994 | Shafir, Eldar | R29Activity Code Description: Undocumented code - click on the grant title for more information. |
Internal Conflict in Choice and Judgment @ Princeton University Most theories of choice are "consequentialist", in the sense that they assume human choice behavior to be determined by the subjective value of potential consequences. The present project is concerned with people's internal conflict in choice and judgement. It posits that people's decision behavior is the result not simply of a concern for value- maximization but is, instead, guided by the need to increase subjective confidence and resolve the conflict inherent to the decision making situation. We suggest that people are "non-consequentialist", in the sense that they frequently behave in ways that are incompatible with a prevailing focus on the value of consequences. The research is organized under the major topics of choice and judgment. Various choice-situations are investigated that explore people's reluctance to choose in situations of conflict, and their willingness to wait or pay for information that has no bearing on their preference, but may increase their confidence in making the choice. Their concern with conflict and confidence, moreover, is predicted sometimes to lead people to choose in ways that are inconsistent with their actual preferences. A preoccupation with internal conflict is assumed to contribute to a somewhat cursory evaluation of the actual consequences. This, in turn, leads to inappropriate estimates in judgmental situations. Diverse choice and judgment situations will be investigated in a variety of ways. Among other methods, subjects' responses to hypothetical questions, computer generated situations, and actual choice scenarios will be collected. An understanding of the role of internal conflict in choice and judgment, it is argued, may shed light on other, well-known phenomena in game theory, reasoning, judgment and decision making is presented. The research is intended to shed light on important psychological factors that guide human judgement, decision making, and reasoning. It may thus contribute both to the improvement of decision making practices in general, and in the medical field in particular, as well as to an increased understanding of aberrant behaviors related to decision making, judgment, and reasoning. |
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2001 — 2004 | Mather, Mara [⬀] Johnson, Marcia Shafir, Eldar |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
@ University of California-Santa Cruz The proposed research focuses on people's memory for past choices. Memory for choices has the potential |
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2007 | Shafir, Eldar Finkel, Adam |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
@ Princeton University Cost-benefit analysis - an analytic tool that is growing ever more influential in helping determine which interventions to protect human health and the environment society will pursue - absolutely requires at least two different kinds of reliable, understandable, and accurate information. Risk analysts, drawing on information from the biological, physical, and engineering sciences, provide information that enables decision makers and the public to understand the nature, magnitude, and distribution of the harms to health and the environment that could be avoided. Society relies upon regulatory economists to explore - the other side of the coin - the cost to society of taking action to reduce particular risks. This project brings together experts in risk analysis, regulatory economics, and several other disciplines to explore whether estimation and communication methods used increasingly routinely to quantify risks can profitably be adapted for use on the ?cost side? of cost-benefit analysis. |
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2009 — 2013 | Shafir, Eldar | N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
The Psychology of Scarcity: Its Behavioral Causes and Consequences @ Princeton University In this research the Principal Investigators embark on an examination of the psychology of scarcity, and its associated computational challenges and behavioral consequences and how they affect everyday decision-making. In particular, the investigation focuses on scarcity in the realms of money and time. In the case of money, this leads to the study of poverty from a different perspective than has been traditional in poverty research. Specifically, the project explores the notion that scarcity itself -- the chronic state of having scarce resources -- creates a psychological state with identifiable psychological and physiological markers, with non-trivial implications for financial, health-related, and other decision behaviors. Optimal decisions concerning health, economic well-being, and planning are more difficult for those experiencing scarcity, it is suggested, because the unique and stressful context of scarcity yields complex demands concerning tradeoffs, and produces cognitive depletion, which renders the making of good decision all the more difficult, with more severe ramifications due to the thinner buffers available in the lives of the poor. |
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2014 — 2019 | Shafir, Eldar | N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Some Implications of Scarcity Thinking @ Princeton University The proposed research explores the psychological mindset that arises in contexts of scarcity. Previous research has documented the greater focus and precision that emerge under scarcity, as well as the accompanying costs that are incurred as those who focus on scarcity neglect things in the periphery. The present studies investigate several additional yet central aspects of this scarcity mindset. We extend earlier work on how scarcity captures attention and encourages tradeoff-thinking, thereby yielding greater consistency in decision-making. Among other things, we explore persistent shifts of attention, and investigate how a focus on tradeoffs can make people highly effective budgeters with respect to the resource that's currently scarce, but much less effective regarding competing and future resources. We probe how resource inequality can exacerbate the attention drawn to scarcity, and we explore whether increased tradeoff thinking, by capturing attention, can actually undermine subjective well-being and the ability to savor real-time experiences. A second line of studies addresses not whether scarcity improves or harms decision-making; instead, it looks at how a scarcity mindset changes the texture of everyday thinking and experience along various qualitative and affective dimensions. It investigates what kinds of thoughts or concepts are most accessible when we inhabit scarcity, how our thinking changes as a result, and how, under scarcity, people end up organizing the world into different categories. It also explores why scarcity-related thoughts might prove more cognitively taxing than the everyday worries that plague individuals who are not laboring under scarcity. The proposed studies range from surveys and laboratory experiments to field studies, and explore the differences between poorer and richer participants both in naturally occurring settings, as well as in controlled experimental settings where participants are randomly assigned to scarcity (limited budgets) versus plenty (larger budgets), before their reasoning and decision-making are assessed. The research provides a new and different perspective on decision-making in contexts of scarcity in general, and of poverty in particular. It focuses on how scarcity mindsets can change the texture of everyday thinking and experience, and derives several novel predictions, both for theory and for practice. It has profound implications for the debate about the causal connections between poverty and behavior, and for how we might interpret various policy failures. Scarcity is an inherent feature of the world, yet the psychology of scarcity only arises in specific circumstances. This has important implications for the study of cognition, decision-making, and well-being, and it can have profound repercussions for how behavioral economics and the social sciences understand contexts of scarcity, and for potential solutions to problems of public policy. |
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