Rodger Kram - Publications

Affiliations: 
University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States 
Area:
biomechanics and energetics of locomotion

135 high-probability publications. We are testing a new system for linking publications to authors. You can help! If you notice any inaccuracies, please sign in and mark papers as correct or incorrect matches. If you identify any major omissions or other inaccuracies in the publication list, please let us know.

Year Citation  Score
2023 Looney DP, Hoogkamer W, Kram R, Arellano CJ, Spiering BA. Estimating Metabolic Energy Expenditure During Level Running in Healthy, Military-Age Women and Men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 37: 2496-2503. PMID 38015737 DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004626  0.795
2023 Gill PK, Kipp S, Beck ON, Kram R. It is time to abandon single-value oxygen uptake energy equivalents. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 134: 887-890. PMID 36825641 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00353.2022  0.784
2022 da Silva ES, Kram R, Hoogkamer W. The metabolic cost of emulated aerodynamic drag forces in marathon running. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). PMID 35834628 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00086.2022  0.684
2021 Whiting CS, Hoogkamer W, Kram R. Metabolic cost of level, uphill, and downhill running in highly cushioned shoes with carbon-fiber plates. Journal of Sport and Health Science. PMID 34740871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.10.004  0.65
2020 Snyder KL, Hoogkamer W, Triska C, Taboga P, Arellano CJ, Kram R. Effects of course design (curves and elevation undulations) on marathon running performance: a comparison of Breaking 2 in Monza and the INEOS 1:59 Challenge in Vienna. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1-6. PMID 33176588 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1843820  0.74
2020 Whiting CS, Allen SP, Brill JW, Kram R. Steep (30°) uphill walking vs. running: COM movements, stride kinematics, and leg muscle excitations. European Journal of Applied Physiology. PMID 32705391 DOI: 10.1007/S00421-020-04437-Y  0.375
2020 Santos-Concejero J, González-Mohíno F, González-Ravé JM, Perrey S, Dewolf AH, Yates BA, Anton U, Tadej D, González-Rayas JM, Rayas-Gómez AL, González-Yáñez JM, Lepers R, Stapley P, Louis J, Proessl F, ... ... Kram R, et al. Commentaries on Viewpoint: Physiology and fast marathons. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 128: 1069-1085. PMID 32293919 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00167.2020  0.772
2019 Taboga P, Kram R. Modelling the effect of curves on distance running performance. Peerj. 7: e8222. PMID 31879575 DOI: 10.7717/Peerj.8222  0.79
2019 Giovanelli N, Sulli M, Kram R, Lazzer S. Do poles save energy during steep uphill walking? European Journal of Applied Physiology. PMID 31020400 DOI: 10.1007/S00421-019-04145-2  0.354
2019 Gast K, Kram R, Riemer R. Preferred walking speed on rough terrain; is it all about energetics? The Journal of Experimental Biology. PMID 30910832 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.185447  0.383
2019 Kipp S, Kram R, Hoogkamer W. Extrapolating Metabolic Savings in Running: Implications for Performance Predictions. Frontiers in Physiology. 10: 79. PMID 30804807 DOI: 10.3389/Fphys.2019.00079  0.803
2019 Kram R. Shoes, running economy and distance running performance Footwear Science. 11: S2-S3. DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2019.1606339  0.321
2019 Boppana A, Hoogkamer W, Kram R, Anderson AP. Using dynamic foot morphology data to design spacesuit footwear Footwear Science. 11: S132-S134. DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2019.1606118  0.604
2018 Batliner ME, Kipp S, Grabowski AM, Kram R, Byrnes WC. Does Metabolic Rate Increase Linearly with Running Speed in all Distance Runners? Sports Medicine International Open. 2: E1-E8. PMID 30539111 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-122068  0.814
2018 Hoogkamer W, Kipp S, Kram R. The Biomechanics of Competitive Male Runners in Three Marathon Racing Shoes: A Randomized Crossover Study. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). PMID 30460454 DOI: 10.1007/S40279-018-1024-Z  0.806
2018 Beck ON, Kipp S, Byrnes WC, Kram R. Last Word on Viewpoint: Use aerobic energy expenditure instead of oxygen uptake to quantify exercise intensity and predict endurance performance. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 125: 675. PMID 30138051 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00356.2018  0.78
2018 Kipp S, Grabowski AM, Kram R. What determines the metabolic cost of human running across a wide range of velocities? The Journal of Experimental Biology. PMID 30065039 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.184218  0.814
2018 Summerside EM, Kram R, Ahmed AA. Contributions of metabolic and temporal costs to human gait selection. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 15. PMID 29925582 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0197  0.318
2018 Swinnen W, Kipp S, Kram R. Comparison of running and cycling economy in runners, cyclists, and triathletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology. PMID 29663075 DOI: 10.1007/S00421-018-3865-4  0.695
2018 Beck ON, Kipp S, Byrnes WC, Kram R. Viewpoint: Use aerobic energy expenditure instead of oxygen uptake to quantify exercise intensity and predict endurance performance. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). PMID 29446709 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00940.2017  0.781
2018 Kipp S, Byrnes WC, Kram R. Calculating metabolic energy expenditure across a wide range of exercise intensities: the equation matters. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition Et Metabolisme. PMID 29401411 DOI: 10.1139/Apnm-2017-0781  0.706
2017 Hoogkamer W, Kipp S, Frank JH, Farina EM, Luo G, Kram R. Correction to: A Comparison of the Energetic Cost of Running in Marathon Racing Shoes. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). PMID 29249085 DOI: 10.1007/S40279-017-0840-X  0.766
2017 Hoogkamer W, Kipp S, Frank JH, Farina EM, Luo G, Kram R. A Comparison of the Energetic Cost of Running in Marathon Racing Shoes. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). PMID 29143929 DOI: 10.1007/S40279-017-0811-2  0.801
2017 Straw AH, Hoogkamer W, Kram R. Changing relative crank angle increases the metabolic cost of leg cycling. European Journal of Applied Physiology. PMID 28785797 DOI: 10.1007/S00421-017-3691-0  0.784
2017 Hoogkamer W, Kram R, Arellano CJ. Author's Reply to Candau et al.: Comment on: "How Biomechanical Improvements in Running Economy Could Break the 2-Hour Marathon Barrier". Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). PMID 28741184 DOI: 10.1007/S40279-017-0760-9  0.763
2017 Ortiz ALR, Giovanelli N, Kram R. The metabolic costs of walking and running up a 30-degree incline: implications for vertical kilometer foot races. European Journal of Applied Physiology. PMID 28695271 DOI: 10.1007/S00421-017-3677-Y  0.411
2017 Hoogkamer W, Kram R, Arellano CJ. How Biomechanical Improvements in Running Economy Could Break the 2-hour Marathon Barrier. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). PMID 28255937 DOI: 10.1007/S40279-017-0708-0  0.819
2017 Hoogkamer W, Kipp S, Frank JH, Farina E, Luo G, Kram R. New Running Shoe Reduces the Energetic Cost of Running Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 49: 195. DOI: 10.1249/01.Mss.0000517371.10796.03  0.793
2016 Kipp S, Taboga P, Kram R. Ground reaction forces during steeplechase hurdling and waterjumps. Sports Biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports. 1-14. PMID 27592823 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2016.1212917  0.762
2016 Hoogkamer W, Kipp S, Spiering BA, Kram R. Altered Running Economy Directly Translates to Altered Distance-Running Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. PMID 27327023 DOI: 10.1249/Mss.0000000000001012  0.801
2016 Taboga P, Kram R, Grabowski AM. Maximum-speed curve-running biomechanics of sprinters with and without unilateral leg amputations. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 219: 851-8. PMID 26985053 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.133488  0.802
2016 Kram R, Roberts TJ. A. V. Hill sticks his neck out. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 219: 468-9. PMID 26888998 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.123372  0.489
2016 Straw AH, Kram R. Effects of shoe type and shoe–pedal interface on the metabolic cost of bicycling Footwear Science. 8: 19-22. DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2016.1140817  0.803
2015 Giovanelli N, Ortiz AL, Henninger K, Kram R. Energetics of vertical kilometer foot races; is steeper cheaper? Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). jap.00546.2015. PMID 26607247 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00546.2015  0.391
2015 Beck ON, Kipp S, Roby JM, Grabowski AM, Kram R, Ortega JD. Older Runners Retain Youthful Running Economy Despite Biomechanical Differences. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. PMID 26587844 DOI: 10.1249/Mss.0000000000000820  0.785
2015 Arellano CJ, McDermott WJ, Kram R, Grabowski AM. Effect of running speed and leg prostheses on mediolateral foot placement and its variability. Plos One. 10: e0115637. PMID 25590634 DOI: 10.1371/Journal.Pone.0115637  0.795
2014 Ortega JD, Beck ON, Roby JM, Turney AL, Kram R. Running for exercise mitigates age-related deterioration of walking economy. Plos One. 9: e113471. PMID 25411850 DOI: 10.1371/Journal.Pone.0113471  0.713
2014 Kehler AL, Hajkova E, Holmberg HC, Kram R. Forces and mechanical energy fluctuations during diagonal stride roller skiing; running on wheels? The Journal of Experimental Biology. 217: 3779-85. PMID 25189366 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.107714  0.4
2014 Hoogkamer W, Taboga P, Kram R. Applying the cost of generating force hypothesis to uphill running. Peerj. 2: e482. PMID 25083347 DOI: 10.7717/Peerj.482  0.827
2014 Arellano CJ, Kram R. The metabolic cost of human running: is swinging the arms worth it? The Journal of Experimental Biology. 217: 2456-61. PMID 25031455 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.100420  0.77
2014 O'Connor SM, Dawson TJ, Kram R, Donelan JM. The kangaroo's tail propels and powers pentapedal locomotion. Biology Letters. 10. PMID 24990111 DOI: 10.1098/Rsbl.2014.0381  0.796
2014 Arellano CJ, Kram R. Partitioning the metabolic cost of human running: a task-by-task approach. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 54: 1084-98. PMID 24838747 DOI: 10.1093/Icb/Icu033  0.771
2014 Tung KD, Franz JR, Kram R. A test of the metabolic cost of cushioning hypothesis during unshod and shod running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 46: 324-9. PMID 24441213 DOI: 10.1249/Mss.0B013E3182A63B81  0.638
2014 Taboga P, Grabowski AM, di Prampero PE, Kram R. Optimal starting block configuration in sprint running; a comparison of biological and prosthetic legs. Journal of Applied Biomechanics. 30: 381-9. PMID 24345741 DOI: 10.1123/Jab.2013-0113  0.791
2014 Franz JR, Maletis M, Kram R. Real-time feedback enhances forward propulsion during walking in old adults. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). 29: 68-74. PMID 24238977 DOI: 10.1016/J.Clinbiomech.2013.10.018  0.596
2014 Bartlett JL, Sumner B, Ellis RG, Kram R. Activity and functions of the human gluteal muscles in walking, running, sprinting, and climbing. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 153: 124-31. PMID 24218079 DOI: 10.1002/Ajpa.22419  0.801
2014 Franz JR, Kram R. Advanced age and the mechanics of uphill walking: a joint-level, inverse dynamic analysis. Gait & Posture. 39: 135-40. PMID 23850328 DOI: 10.1016/J.Gaitpost.2013.06.012  0.586
2014 Beck ON, Roby JM, Turney AL, Grabowski AM, Kram R, Ortega JD. Running Improves the Economy of Walking Among Older Adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 46: 557. DOI: 10.1249/01.Mss.0000495137.07036.5C  0.765
2013 Look N, Arellano CJ, Grabowski AM, McDermott WJ, Kram R, Bradley E. Dynamic stability of running: the effects of speed and leg amputations on the maximal Lyapunov exponent. Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.). 23: 043131. PMID 24387570 DOI: 10.1063/1.4837095  0.783
2013 Ellis RG, Howard KC, Kram R. The metabolic and mechanical costs of step time asymmetry in walking. Proceedings. Biological Sciences / the Royal Society. 280: 20122784. PMID 23407831 DOI: 10.1098/Rspb.2012.2784  0.406
2013 Franz JR, Kram R. Advanced age affects the individual leg mechanics of level, uphill, and downhill walking. Journal of Biomechanics. 46: 535-40. PMID 23122946 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jbiomech.2012.09.032  0.585
2013 Franz JR, Kram R. How does age affect leg muscle activity/coactivity during uphill and downhill walking? Gait & Posture. 37: 378-84. PMID 22940542 DOI: 10.1016/J.Gaitpost.2012.08.004  0.579
2012 Snyder KL, Kram R, Gottschall JS. The role of elastic energy storage and recovery in downhill and uphill running. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 215: 2283-7. PMID 22675189 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.066332  0.762
2012 Kram R, Franz JR. Is barefoot running more economical? International Journal of Sports Medicine. 33: 249; author reply 25. PMID 22377836 DOI: 10.1055/S-0032-1301923  0.535
2012 Franz JR, Wierzbinski CM, Kram R. Metabolic cost of running barefoot versus shod: is lighter better? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 44: 1519-25. PMID 22367745 DOI: 10.1249/Mss.0B013E3182514A88  0.628
2012 McGowan CP, Grabowski AM, McDermott WJ, Herr HM, Kram R. Leg stiffness of sprinters using running-specific prostheses. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface / the Royal Society. 9: 1975-82. PMID 22337629 DOI: 10.1098/Rsif.2011.0877  0.814
2012 Huang HJ, Kram R, Ahmed AA. Reduction of metabolic cost during motor learning of arm reaching dynamics. The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society For Neuroscience. 32: 2182-90. PMID 22323730 DOI: 10.1523/Jneurosci.4003-11.2012  0.538
2012 Peterman JE, Kram R, Byrnes WC. Factors affecting the increased energy expenditure during passive cycling. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 112: 3341-8. PMID 22270489 DOI: 10.1007/S00421-012-2325-9  0.359
2012 Franz JR, Lyddon NE, Kram R. Mechanical work performed by the individual legs during uphill and downhill walking. Journal of Biomechanics. 45: 257-62. PMID 22099148 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jbiomech.2011.10.034  0.604
2012 Arellano CJ, Kram R. The energetic cost of maintaining lateral balance during human running. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 112: 427-34. PMID 22052870 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00554.2011  0.768
2012 Franz JR, Kram R. The effects of grade and speed on leg muscle activations during walking. Gait & Posture. 35: 143-7. PMID 21962846 DOI: 10.1016/J.Gaitpost.2011.08.025  0.597
2011 Priebe JR, Kram R. Why is walker-assisted gait metabolically expensive? Gait & Posture. 34: 265-9. PMID 21665475 DOI: 10.1016/J.Gaitpost.2011.05.011  0.393
2011 Arellano CJ, Kram R. The effects of step width and arm swing on energetic cost and lateral balance during running. Journal of Biomechanics. 44: 1291-5. PMID 21316058 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jbiomech.2011.01.002  0.765
2011 Kram R. Bouncing to conclusions: clear evidence for the metabolic cost of generating muscular force. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 110: 865-6. PMID 21292841 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00120.2011  0.401
2011 Kram R, Arellano CJ, Franz JR. The metabolic cost of locomotion; muscle by muscle. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 39: 57-8. PMID 21242804 DOI: 10.1097/Jes.0B013E31820F905B  0.782
2011 Arellano CJ, Kram R. The Energetic Cost of Maintaining Lateral Balance in Human Running: 842 Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 43: 100. DOI: 10.1249/01.Mss.0000402972.58465.15  0.739
2011 Franz JR, Kram R. The Effects Of Grade And Speed On Leg Muscle Activations During Walking: 1641 Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 43: 377-378. DOI: 10.1249/01.Mss.0000401041.31415.8E  0.586
2010 Kram R, Grabowski AM, McGowan CP, Brown MB, Herr HM. Counterpoint: Artificial legs do not make artificially fast running speeds possible. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 108: 1012-4; discussion 1. PMID 20368386 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.01238.2009A  0.803
2010 Grabowski AM, McGowan CP, McDermott WJ, Beale MT, Kram R, Herr HM. Running-specific prostheses limit ground-force during sprinting. Biology Letters. 6: 201-4. PMID 19889694 DOI: 10.1098/Rsbl.2009.0729  0.806
2010 Kram R, Grabowski AM, McGowan CP, Brown MB, McDermott WJ, Beale MT, Herr HM. Last Word on Point:Counterpoint: Artificial limbs do/do not make artificially fast running speeds possible Journal of Applied Physiology. 108: 1020. DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00152.2010  0.796
2010 Grabowski AM, Rifkin J, Kram R. K3 promoter™ prosthetic foot reduces the metabolic cost of walking for unilateral transtibial amputees Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics. 22: 113-120. DOI: 10.1097/Jpo.0B013E3181Cca79C  0.752
2009 Browning RC, McGowan CP, Kram R. Obesity does not increase external mechanical work per kilogram body mass during walking. Journal of Biomechanics. 42: 2273-8. PMID 19646701 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jbiomech.2009.06.046  0.739
2009 Weyand PG, Bundle MW, McGowan CP, Grabowski A, Brown MB, Kram R, Herr H. The fastest runner on artificial legs: different limbs, similar function? Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 107: 903-11. PMID 19541739 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00174.2009  0.823
2009 Browning RC, Kram R. Pound for pound: Working out how obesity influences the energetics of walking. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 106: 1755-6. PMID 19359613 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00373.2009  0.595
2009 McGowan CP, Kram R, Neptune RR. Modulation of leg muscle function in response to altered demand for body support and forward propulsion during walking. Journal of Biomechanics. 42: 850-6. PMID 19249784 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jbiomech.2009.01.025  0.746
2009 Bartlett JL, Kram R. Disintegrating The Metabolic Cost Of Walking: Propulsion, Leg Swing, And Lateral Stability Across Speed Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 41: 15. DOI: 10.1249/01.Mss.0000353263.56195.7F  0.814
2008 Zani PA, Kram R. Low metabolic cost of locomotion in ornate box turtles, Terrapene ornata. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 211: 3671-6. PMID 19011205 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.019869  0.734
2008 Grabowski AM, Kram R. Effects of velocity and weight support on ground reaction forces and metabolic power during running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics. 24: 288-97. PMID 18843159 DOI: 10.1123/Jab.24.3.288  0.758
2008 Grabowski AM, Kram R. Running with horizontal pulling forces: the benefits of towing. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 104: 473-9. PMID 18566828 DOI: 10.1007/S00421-008-0785-8  0.754
2008 McGowan CP, Neptune RR, Kram R. Independent effects of weight and mass on plantar flexor activity during walking: implications for their contributions to body support and forward propulsion. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 105: 486-94. PMID 18556431 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.90448.2008  0.726
2008 Bartlett JL, Kram R. Changing the demand on specific muscle groups affects the walk-run transition speed. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 211: 1281-8. PMID 18375853 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.011932  0.796
2007 Teunissen LP, Grabowski A, Kram R. Effects of independently altering body weight and body mass on the metabolic cost of running. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 210: 4418-27. PMID 18055630 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.004481  0.763
2007 Browning RC, Kram R. Effects of obesity on the biomechanics of walking at different speeds. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 39: 1632-41. PMID 17805097 DOI: 10.1249/Mss.0B013E318076B54B  0.589
2007 Browning RC, Modica JR, Kram R, Goswami A. The effects of adding mass to the legs on the energetics and biomechanics of walking. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 39: 515-25. PMID 17473778 DOI: 10.1249/Mss.0B013E31802B3562  0.795
2007 Chang YH, Kram R. Limitations to maximum running speed on flat curves. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 210: 971-82. PMID 17337710 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.02728  0.551
2006 Gottschall JS, Kram R. Mechanical energy fluctuations during hill walking: the effects of slope on inverted pendulum exchange. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209: 4895-900. PMID 17142678 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.02584  0.676
2006 Hutchinson JR, Schwerda D, Famini DJ, Dale RH, Fischer MS, Kram R. The locomotor kinematics of Asian and African elephants: changes with speed and size. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209: 3812-27. PMID 16985198 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.02443  0.409
2006 Browning RC, Baker EA, Herron JA, Kram R. Effects of obesity and sex on the energetic cost and preferred speed of walking. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 100: 390-8. PMID 16210434 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00767.2005  0.636
2006 Browning R, Kram R, Brynes W. Effects of Obesity on the Biomechanics of Walking at different speeds: 9:30AM–19:45AM Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 38. DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00896  0.563
2006 Kram R. Partitioning the Metabolic Cost of Locomotion Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 38: 40. DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-00024  0.375
2005 Gottschall JS, Kram R. Energy cost and muscular activity required for leg swing during walking. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 99: 23-30. PMID 16036902 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.01190.2004  0.731
2005 Browning RC, Kram R. Energetic cost and preferred speed of walking in obese vs. normal weight women. Obesity Research. 13: 891-9. PMID 15919843 DOI: 10.1038/Oby.2005.103  0.619
2005 Modica JR, Kram R. Metabolic energy and muscular activity required for leg swing in running. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 98: 2126-31. PMID 15894536 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00511.2004  0.822
2005 Zani PA, Gottschall JS, Kram R. Giant Galapagos tortoises walk without inverted pendulum mechanical-energy exchange. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 208: 1489-94. PMID 15802673 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.01554  0.788
2005 Gottschall JS, Kram R. Ground reaction forces during downhill and uphill running. Journal of Biomechanics. 38: 445-52. PMID 15652542 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jbiomech.2004.04.023  0.686
2005 Grabowski A, Farley CT, Kram R. Independent metabolic costs of supporting body weight and accelerating body mass during walking. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 98: 579-83. PMID 15649878 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00734.2004  0.818
2004 Griffin TM, Kram R, Wickler SJ, Hoyt DF. Biomechanical and energetic determinants of the walk-trot transition in horses. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 207: 4215-23. PMID 15531642 DOI: 10.1242/Jeb.01277  0.643
2004 Donelan JM, Shipman DW, Kram R, Kuo AD. Mechanical and metabolic requirements for active lateral stabilization in human walking. Journal of Biomechanics. 37: 827-35. PMID 15111070 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jbiomech.2003.06.002  0.811
2004 Browning R, Kram R. Preferred Walking Speed and Cost of Transport are similar for Obese and Normal Weight Women Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 36: S253. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200405001-01210  0.582
2003 Griffin TM, Roberts TJ, Kram R. Metabolic cost of generating muscular force in human walking: insights from load-carrying and speed experiments. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 95: 172-83. PMID 12794096 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00944.2002  0.762
2003 Hutchinson JR, Famini D, Lair R, Kram R. Biomechanics: Are fast-moving elephants really running? Nature. 422: 493-4. PMID 12673241 DOI: 10.1038/422493A  0.346
2003 Gottschall JS, Kram R. Energy cost and muscular activity required for propulsion during walking. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 94: 1766-72. PMID 12506042 DOI: 10.1152/Japplphysiol.00670.2002  0.732
2002 Donelan JM, Kram R, Kuo AD. Mechanical work for step-to-step transitions is a major determinant of the metabolic cost of human walking. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 205: 3717-27. PMID 12409498  0.801
2002 Donelan JM, Kram R, Kuo AD. Simultaneous positive and negative external mechanical work in human walking. Journal of Biomechanics. 35: 117-24. PMID 11747890 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00169-5  0.79
2001 Donelan JM, Kram R, Kuo AD. Mechanical and metabolic determinants of the preferred step width in human walking. Proceedings. Biological Sciences / the Royal Society. 268: 1985-92. PMID 11571044 DOI: 10.1098/Rspb.2001.1761  0.806
2001 Chang YH, Hamerski CM, Kram R. Applied horizontal force increases impact loading in reduced-gravity running. Journal of Biomechanics. 34: 679-85. PMID 11311709 DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00196-2  0.516
2000 Griffin TM, Kram R. Penguin waddling is not wasteful. Nature. 408: 929. PMID 11140670 DOI: 10.1038/35050167  0.658
2000 Kram R. Muscular force or work: what determines the metabolic energy cost of running? Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 28: 138-43. PMID 10916707  0.33
2000 Donelan JM, Kram R. Exploring dynamic similarity in human running using simulated reduced gravity. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 203: 2405-15. PMID 10903155  0.716
2000 Dickinson MH, Farley CT, Full RJ, Koehl MA, Kram R, Lehman S. How animals move: an integrative view. Science (New York, N.Y.). 288: 100-6. PMID 10753108 DOI: 10.1126/Science.288.5463.100  0.79
2000 Chang YH, Huang HW, Hamerski CM, Kram R. The independent effects of gravity and inertia on running mechanics. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 203: 229-38. PMID 10607533  0.466
2000 Donelan JM, Kuo AD, Kram R. Simultaneous performance of positive and negative external mechanical work in human walking Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry. 108: 17.  0.759
1999 Chang YH, Kram R. Metabolic cost of generating horizontal forces during human running. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 86: 1657-62. PMID 10233132 DOI: 10.1152/Jappl.1999.86.5.1657  0.584
1999 Griffin TM, Tolani NA, Kram R. Walking in simulated reduced gravity: mechanical energy fluctuations and exchange. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 86: 383-90. PMID 9887153 DOI: 10.1152/Jappl.1999.86.1.383  0.66
1998 Kram R, Dawson TJ. Energetics and biomechanics of locomotion by red kangaroos (Macropus rufus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. 120: 41-9. PMID 9787777 DOI: 10.1016/S0305-0491(98)00022-4  0.467
1998 Roberts TJ, Kram R, Weyand PG, Taylor CR. Energetics of bipedal running. I. Metabolic cost of generating force. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 201: 2745-51. PMID 9732329  0.671
1998 Kram R, Griffin TM, Donelan JM, Chang YH. Force treadmill for measuring vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 85: 764-9. PMID 9688758 DOI: 10.1152/Jappl.1998.85.2.764  0.791
1998 Griffin T, Tolani N, Kram R. Walking in reduced gravity: Mechanical energy fluctuations Faseb Journal. 12: A679.  0.567
1997 Donelan JM, Kram R. The effect of reduced gravity on the kinematics of human walking: a test of the dynamic similarity hypothesis for locomotion. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 200: 3193-201. PMID 9364025  0.723
1997 Kram R, Wong B, Full RJ. Three-dimensional kinematics and limb kinetic energy of running cockroaches. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 200: 1919-29. PMID 9232006  0.728
1997 Kram R, Domingo A, Ferris DP. Effect of reduced gravity on the preferred walk-run transition speed. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 200: 821-6. PMID 9076966  0.806
1997 Kram R. Are efficiency and the cost of generating force both relevant concepts? Journal of Applied Biomechanics. 13: 460-463. DOI: 10.1123/Jab.13.4.460  0.36
1996 Baldwin KM, White TP, Arnaud SB, Edgerton VR, Kraemer WJ, Kram R, Raab-Cullen D, Snow CM. Musculoskeletal adaptations to weightlessness and development of effective countermeasures. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 28: 1247-53. PMID 8897381 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199610000-00007  0.302
1995 Langman VA, Roberts TJ, Black J, Maloiy GM, Heglund NC, Weber JM, Kram R, Taylor CR. Moving cheaply: energetics of walking in the African elephant. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 198: 629-32. PMID 7714452  0.625
1991 He JP, Kram R, McMahon TA. Mechanics of running under simulated low gravity. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 71: 863-70. PMID 1757322 DOI: 10.1152/Jappl.1991.71.3.863  0.585
1991 Kram R. Carrying loads with springy poles. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 71: 1119-22. PMID 1757307 DOI: 10.1152/Jappl.1991.71.3.1119  0.321
1990 Kram R, Taylor CR. Energetics of running: a new perspective. Nature. 346: 265-7. PMID 2374590 DOI: 10.1038/346265A0  0.596
1989 Kram R, Powell AJ. A treadmill-mounted force platform. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). 67: 1692-8. PMID 2793769 DOI: 10.1152/Jappl.1989.67.4.1692  0.37
1989 Cavanagh PR, Kram R. Stride length in distance running: velocity, body dimensions, and added mass effects. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 21: 467-79. PMID 2674599 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198908000-00020  0.513
1989 Kram R. A treadmill mounted force platform Journal of Biomechanics. 22: 1041. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(89)90332-1  0.319
1987 Kram R, McMahon TA, Taylor C. Load carriage with compliant poles — Physiological and/or biomechanical advantages? Journal of Biomechanics. 20: 893. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(87)90167-9  0.585
1985 Cavanagh PR, Kram R. The efficiency of human movement--a statement of the problem. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 17: 304-8. PMID 4021779 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198506000-00002  0.524
1985 Cavanagh PR, Kram R. Mechanical and muscular factors affecting the efficiency of human movement. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 17: 326-31. PMID 3894869 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198506000-00005  0.497
1985 Kram R, Cavanagh PR, Kerns MM. DAY TO DAY VARIATION IN FREELY CHOSEN RUNNING STRIDE LENGTH Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 17: 237. DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198504000-00249  0.305
1985 Cavanagh PR, Andrew GC, Kram R, Rodgers MM, Sanderson DJ, Hennig EM. An Approach to Biomechanical Profiling of Elite Distance Runners International Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 1: 36-62. DOI: 10.1123/Ijsb.1.1.36  0.455
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