Anthony Cheetham - US grants

This X-Ray facility will provide a rotating anode x-ray generator with accessories, a four-circle diffractometer and a two-circle diffractometer to scientists at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Research projects include studies of self-assembled biomaterials, polymer liquid crystals and copolymers, small angle x-ray reflectivity of thin complex fluid films, wide bandgap semiconductors, thin film and bulk ferroelectric oxides. This facility will provide a much needed high intensity source for material characterization and will complement facilities to be provided through the new Materials Research Laboratory being established at the University. This facility is being made available to all qualified users, and will provide first-hand experience to students and faculty.

The Materials Research Laboratory (MRL) at the University of California, Santa Barbara supports an interactive, interdisciplinary program of materials research with a strong emphasis on the synthesis and processing of novel materials. Research is currently organized into three major thrust areas. Research on high performance electrical and optical polymers seeks to synthesize and process highly oriented conducting polymers having unprecedented combinations of properties, and to characterize and understand their behavior. The thrust area on synthesis and processing with solutions using templates focusses on the chemistry and physics of a new approach for synthesizing materials with solutions, using either crystalline or molecular templates. The intellectual focus of research on advanced materials derived from self-assembling complex fluids is on the synthesis, characterization and processing of materials derived from a class of fluid systems in which spontaneous ordering due to short-range, electrostatic or surface forces is a critical factor in determining macroscopic properties. The MRL also operates and maintains major central facilities for materials research, and provides seed funds for exploratory research and new initiatives. It supports programs in education and human resources in the materials field, and administers programs involving knowledge transfer and outreach to other institutions and sectors, including industry and national laboratories. The MRL currently supports the activities of about 25 faculty members, 5 postdoctoral research associates, 22 graduate students, and 1 technical staff member. The MRL central facilities also support a substantial amount of research that is funded primarily from other sources. The MRL at the University of California, Santa Barbara is directed by Professor Anthony G. Evans.

WPC 2 M B P V ` Courier 10cpi | x ? x x x , k x 6 X @ 8 ; X @ Leonard Krishtalka 2 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 4 < D L ! 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' X 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' X X X 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' " 4 < D L ! ` h p x (# # x \ P C X P# 9300874 Desjardin This three year project seeks to document, describe and illustrate the diversity, systematics and geographic distribution of the Agaricales (basidiomycete fungi) of the Hawaiian Islands. These fungi play a vital ecological role in nutrient cycling in forest communities. Only 100 species out of an estimated diversity of 250 species have been reported from Hawaii. The primary product will be a complete database of all specimens (including distribution, plant associates, plant community types), which will contribute to an Agaricales flora of the Hawaiian Islands. The results of the flora will allow the testing of hypotheses of island biogeography, vicariance, dispersal and fungal endemism, and will contribute to a reconstruction of the biotic history of the Hawaiian Islands and the maintenance of its biodiversity. The degree of urbanization in Hawaii makes this project extremely urgent and extremely important to conservation planning by land managers. The fungal collections will be used for research and for training students. .%%% This three year project will survey, describe and illustrate the diversity and geographic distribution of the Agaricales fungi (mushrooms and allies) of the Hawaiian Islands. These fungi play a vital ecological role in nutrient cycling in forest communities, yet only 100 species out of an estimated diversity of 250 species have been reported from Hawaii. The primary product of this study will be a complete database of all specimens of fungi, their distribution on the islands, their particular association with specific plants and their membership in specific plant communities. This database will be issued as a complete, illustrated manual. The results of the survey will also help investigators to reconstruct of the biotic history of the Hawaiian Islands and to plan the maintenance of its biodiversity. The degree of urbanization in Hawaii makes this project extremely urgent and extremely important to conservation planning by land managers. The plant collections will be used for research and for training students. *** ` h p x (# ` h p x (#

Funds from the Academic Research Infrastructure Program will be used in the construction and implementation of an undulator-based x-ray beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. The beamline, when completed, will include three fully instrumented end stations optimized for grazing- incidence x-ray scattering from surfaces/interfaces, high resolution delta-Q-resolution x-ray scattering, and small- angle x-ray scattering. This x-ray scattering facility will be utilized by a consortium of scientists from U. Pennsylvania, Princeton U., U. C. Santa Barbara, U. Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Brookhaven Natl. Lab., Los Alamos Natl. Lab., and the Exxon Corp. Res. Lab., all of whom are members of the "Complex Materials Collaborative Access Team" (CMCAT). Among the groups studying complex fluids there are 14 senior scientists, 8-10 postdoctorals, and 9-12 graduate students. The complex fluids under study by this group relate to self-assembled macromolecular systems at interfaces and/or in bulk and include colloidal, miscellar, polymer and biomolecular systems. Some of the research topics being studied include: lipid and surfactant mesophases; block copolymer melts and solutions; surfactant/polymer association complexes; doped conjugated polymers; fullerenes ("buckyballs"); ultrathin films and biomolecular materials; heat proof proteins; multilayer biomembrane ordered hydro-gels; protein-polymer complexation; in-situ diffraction of flow and confinement induced complex fluid structures; electrochemistry; liquid surfaces. Funds will be employed for the construction of an x-ray beamline to be located at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Lab. which will feature three fully equipped end stations. The beamline will be utilized by a consortium of scientists from universities, government laboratories, and an industrial laboratory for the study of complex materials. Specific x-ray scattering studies will be done on complex fluids, namely colloidal, micellar, polymer and biomolecular systems.

9512225 Klein A new, high intensity filter-analyzer neutron spectrometer (FANS) will be designed, constructed, and operated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) by a consortium of scientists from the University of Pennsylvania, the University of California at Santa Barbara, NIST, Hughes Aircraft, DuPont, and Allied-Signal. The throughput and sensitivity of the new FANS will exceed by a factor of at least fifty that of a heavily oversubscribed prototype which is already unique in the US. When completed, FANS will be the most sensitive neutron spectrometer in the world for studies of vibrational modes in the 10-100 millielectron-volt range by inelastic scattering of neutrons. The FANS instrument will be used to study intra- and intermolecular vibrations in molecular crystals and liquids, polymers, guest-host systems such as hydrogen in metals and hydrocarbons in zeolites, to characterize novel forms of carbon such as fullerenes and tubules, and novel candidate molecules for environmentally safe refrigerants. %%% The development of the FANS will fill an urgent need of the country's scientific infrastructure. There are currently only two such instruments in the world, one in France and one prototype at NIST, and they are both heavily subscribed. The FANS will have a wide impact on molecular spectroscopy research, as current neutron facilities in the US are inadequate for studies of molecular dynamics. ***

The Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at University of California, Santa Barbara is focused on classes of material that are both chemically and structurally complex with a significant portion of the effort related to interfaces, including those between organic and inorganic materials. IRG 1, Biomaterial Microstructures, has evolved from the Complex Fluids IRG of the previous MRSEC, and carries out the enabling science for the development of biomaterial microstructure and solution aggregates that perform biological or biomimetic functions and serve as model systems for hybrid devices. IRG 2, Solution Synthesis of Inorganics at Molecular and Atomic Interfaces studies the roles of structure-directing molecules and surfaces in the hierarchical organization of inorganics synthesized from solution at low temperatures. IRG 3, Mesoscopic Macromolecular Structures, develops the principles for synthesis and processing of novel macromolecular structures that are heterogeneous on a mesoscopic scale and exploit these structures to control properties for electronic, optical and biotechnological applications. IRG 4, Strongly Non-equilibrium Phenomena in Complex Materials, applies atomic-scale microscopies and advanced scientific computing to bear on a diverse, but closely related, set of problems concerning deformation, failure, and structural reorganization of complex materials. The Center includes significant shared facilities located in a new Materials Research Laboratory building recently completed to house the Center.

The educational activities include development of evaluation methods to measure the degree of success that their outreach programs are having. Outreach projects include Santa Barbara City College Materials Interns; Research Interns in Science and Engineering; Research Experience for Teachers; and UCSB Scienceline, an internet link with Santa Barbara County science teachers and students, impacting both under-represented minority and female students at the college, and pre-college levels. Last year, these programs reached 28 undergraduates (12 women; 2 under-represented minorities) and 5800 pre-college students (3000 women; 4000 under-represented minorities). This is an interdisciplinary MRSEC with 31 faculty members, 15 post-doctoral associates and 24 graduate students from programs in Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Geology, Mechanical Engineering, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry. Professor Anthony Cheetham directs the MRSEC.

This instrument development award from the Instrumentation for Materials Pesearch program allows the to the university of Pennsylvania to upgrade the Neutron Powder Diffractometer (NPD) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) to a world-class high-resolution diffractometer for materials research and education. With this upgrade the beamline will have a unique capability for simultaneous high-Q (momentum transfer) crystallographic analysis as well as the real-space atomic pair-density function (PDF) analysis. The data acquisition rate at high angles will increase by a factor of five by adding a large backscattering detector module, upgrade computers and install a beam-chopper. The upgrading of NPD will have wide-ranging educational impact. This fivefold increasing in the data collection rate will create more research opportunities for graduate students from five different institutions. Graduate students will also participate in the calibration task and development of software, and thus acquire precious experience of setting up a large instrument at a national facility. This project will significantly contribute to increasing the university users.
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The power of pulsed neutron powder diffraction method in materials research is widely recognized. It is capable of determining the atomic structure of complex materials with high accuracy, thus providing basic information vital to materials science and technology. This award will allow the University of Pennsylvania to carry a very cost-effective upgrade of the Neutron Powder Diffractometer (NPD) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) to a world-class high-resolution diffractometer for materials research and education. This will allow a dramatic improvement of the data collection rate, by a factor of five. Upgrading this beamline will have significant impact on graduate education and training at five different institutions. This will help contribute to overcome a critical shortage of trained scientists in neutron scattering in the US. The IMR award is significantly leveraged using funds from LANSCE.
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Faculty members from the physics, chemistry and engineering departments at the University of California at Santa Barbara are collaborating with teachers in the Santa Barbara School District to improve articulation of hands-on, minds-on learning in physical sciences in the middle grades. This program builds on existing teacher and school outreach efforts of these departments. Fellows are selected from outstanding research-experienced graduate and undergraduate students in the participating departments. Teachers are selected from those who already have interacted with the university through participation in such outreach programs as Research Experience for Teachers. Activities to be designed and implemented by the teacher/fellow teams are based on the California State Standards. A grade appropriate model for small group investigation of physical science concepts is being developed, pilot tested and disseminated. This project is receiving partial support from the Directorate for Mathematics and Physical Sciences.

This award from the Major Research Instrumentation program supports the University of California at Santa Barbara with the acquisition of a state-of-the-art field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM) with capabilities for atomic resolution Z-contrast imaging and spectroscopy. The instrument is crucial to meet needs in ongoing and future research projects in electronic, inorganic, and structural materials, UCSB proposes the acquisition. The needs of the research can be fulfilled with a 200 kV TEM/STEM equipped with a field emission source, high angle annular dark field detector, a 2Kx2K CCD detector, and state-of-the-art electron spectrometer/energy filter. Z-contrast imaging and atomic resolution spectroscopy have been routinely demonstrated on the instrument with a 1.4 Angstrom probe size, 20 picoAmpere beam current, and energy resolution of ~0.7 electron Volts. The acquisition of the proposed FE-TEM will free an existing conventional 200 kV TEM for studies of soft materials.
The acquisition of the new FE-TEM will strengthen the education of students in advanced TEM. Graduate students and post-doctoral researchers are the primary 'hands-on' users of TEM at UCSB. Formal training in TEM is provided in a series of courses is offered in the Materials Department. A new course in advanced TEM that reflects the unique capabilities of a FE-TEM will be offered. The advanced TEM course will include a lab module to provide hands-on training in high-resolution imaging in CTEM and in STEM and in advanced analytical techniques, such as electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Through the Outreach program of the MRSEC, the scientists will work with high school teachers on TEM sample preparation and imaging and thus teach and connect to a broad community of students and teachers.

To meet needs in ongoing and future research projects in advanced electronic, inorganic, and structural materials, UCSB will acquire a state-of-the-art field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM). Such an instrument produces an atomic scale electron probe. This sub-nanometer probe (~2 x 10-10 meters) can be used to image individual atoms and atomic columns with direct information on structure, composition, and bonding. An advanced FE-TEM provides a unique combination of atomic-scale information that is essential for the advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Graduate students and post-doctoral researchers are the primary 'hands-on' users of TEM at UCSB. Formal training in TEM is provided in a series of courses offered in the Materials Dept. The new FE-TEM will strengthen the education of students in advanced TEM. A new course in advanced TEM that reflects the unique capabilities of a FE-TEM will be offered. The advanced TEM course will include hands-on training in high-resolution imaging in CTEM and in STEM and in advanced analytical techniques, such as electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Through the Outreach program of the MRSEC, UCSB scientists will work with high school teachers on TEM sample preparation and imaging and thus teach and connect to a broad community of students and teachers.

An interdisciplinary, international, materials science workshop will be held in Santiago, Chile, on April 26-29, 2004, under the sponsorship of NSF and CONICYT-Chile. The workshop is organized by scientists from countries in the Americas through the Inter-American Materials Collaboration (CIAM), the Center for Advanced Materials Research (CIMAT) in Chile, and the U. of California at Santa Barbara. The workshop provides a forum for scientific exchange at the cutting edge of a rapidly developing field by bringing together materials researchers and students from across the continent, thus enhancing collaborations among participants with an emphasis on interdisciplinarity. An attendance of about 200 is expected, students and postdoctoral research associates comprise about half of the participants.

This award is supported by the Division of Materials Research, the Office of International Science and Engineering and the Division of Chemical and Transport Systems.

The International Materials Institute (IMI) at the University of California-Santa Barbara, named the International Center for Materials Science, builds upon the extensive materials expertise at UCSB and the various materials-related Centers at the University, such as the MRSEC, the Institute for Theoretical Physics and the California NanoSystems Institute. The IMI covers a broad spectrum of materials science, including photonic and electronic materials, self-assembled materials, nanomaterials and multifunctional materials. The IMI serves as umbrella for existing and to be developed world-wide networks of collaborations, both at the individual and institutional levels. The IMI international activities focus on Asia and the Americas, with a special emphasis on developing countries in those regions, but the IMI includes participants from across the world. The IMI supports an annual visitors program that convenes leading scientists from the US and abroad for a 3-month period and includes substantial participation from scientists from developing countries in Asia and Latin America. The visitors program focuses on a central materials research theme that changes from year to year and comprises seminars, discussions and active research with UCSB faculty. In addition, the IMI provides fellowships for students, postdoctoral associates and young faculty for overseas research visits. The IMI also supports annual international workshops and an annual international summer school aimed at graduate students, postdoctoral associates, and junior researchers. This award is co-funded by the Division of Materials Research and the Office of International Science and Engineering.

The Research Experience for Undergraduates Site at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) has a unique international emphasis. This program leverages the facilities and resources of the International Center for Materials Research (ICMR) and Materials Research Laboratory (MRL) at UCSB and partner institutions in Australia, Chile, China, Germany, Netherlands, South Korea, and UK to offer international research experience to undergraduate students. The program's unique feature is the student exchange between research laboratories in the US and other countries. The student interns will engage in research projects in the areas of nano/bio-materials physics, chemistry, and engineering for 10 weeks every summer and interact with faculty mentors, post doctoral scholars, and graduate students in different research groups. This research program is designed to inspire students to continue graduate study abroad and prepare them for globally engaged science and engineering careers.